PSI - Issue 77

Zihao Liu et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 77 (2026) 190–197 Z. Liu et al./ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2026) 000–000

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Figure 4. TB descriptors for BA models with different mechanical stimuli: (a) bone volume fraction; (b) trabecular thickness; (c) structure model index (VM – von Mises stress; TOT – total SED; DEV – deviatoric SED) At the early stage of the evolution of models, there are some simulation-induced oscillations of the bone volume fraction. At the later stage, when reaches homeostasis, the model based on total SED resulted in the lowest bone volume fraction. Although the trabeculae thickness was similar for the two SED-based models, for the case of the total SED, the final trabecula was 1.8% thinner than in the case of the deviatoric SED; as the same was found for the structure model index. 4 Conclusion In this research, both X- and Z-shaped trabeculae demonstrated a higher resorption for models with the total SED as mechanical stimulus. In addition, the model employing von Mises stress resulted in thicker trabeculae than that in other models. This result indicates that the volumetric factor downscales the mechanical stimulus. Generally, the developed approach provides a meaningful insight into TB, which could contribute to the prediction based on CT images by adjusting the contributions of deviatoric and volumetric parts to achieve a more accurate prediction of BA patterns. Reference Adachi, T., Tsubota, K.-I., & Tomita, Y. (1999). Surface remodeling simulation of trabecular bone using microstructural finite element models. IUTAM Symposium on Synthesis in Bio Solid Mechanics , 309–320. Allena, R. (2024). A numerical study to discriminate between the hydrostatic and deviatoric strain energies impact on cells activity during bone remodelling. Mechanics Research Communications , 139 , 104303. Huiskes, R., Weinans, H., Grootenboer, H. J., Dalstra, M., Fudala, B., & Slooff, T. J. (1987). Adaptive bone remodeling theory applied to prosthetic-design analysis. Journal of Biomechanics , 20 (11–12), 1135–1150. Prendergast, P. J., & Taylor, D. (1994). Prediction of bone adaptation using damage accumulation. Journal of Biomechanics , 27 (8), 1067–1076. Salmon, P. L., Ohlsson, C., Shefelbine, S. J., & Doube, M. (2015). Structure model index does not measure rods and

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