PSI - Issue 71

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect

Procedia Structural Integrity 71 (2025) 256–262

1. Introduction Surface erosion due to particle wall interaction significantly affects the performance service life, and reliability of components handling abrasive materials. For more than 60 years, extensive research has been conducted to better understand the erosion process. This phenomenon is complex due to the combined effect of various factors, including the properties of the target material, particle characteristics, flow dynamics and particle impact conditions. While it is impossible to completely prevent material loss from erosion, it can be controlled through optimized component design, operating conditions and selection of material of high erosive resistance performance (Tarodiya and Gandhi, 2017). Therefore, it is essential to have correct understanding of the erosion and factors affecting it. In-situ measurement is a preferred choice for evaluating erosion in components handling particulate solids, as it provides absolute values of material loss under actual operating conditions. However, this method is not universally applicable due to the significant time, cost, and measurement challenges involved. To address these issues, pilot plant test loops are often designed to closely replicate field conditions for such investigations (Tarodiya and Gandhi, 2019a). Yet, these studies are also resource-intensive, requiring considerable time, large quantities of materials, and are costly, with added difficulties in monitoring and controlling various operational parameters. As a result, conducting extensive investigations using pilot plant test loops for all parameters influencing erosion is often impractical. Given the challenges associated with in-situ measurements and pilot plant testing, researchers have increasingly turned to small laboratory test rigs, or bench-scale test rigs, to study erosive wear. These rigs allow for controlled experimentation, enabling the rapid collection of data while offering insight into the erosion mechanisms under different operating conditions. Additionally, bench-scale rigs require less material and are cost-effective (Tarodiya and Gandhi, 2019b). Abstract Jet impingement tester (JIT) is widely used to evaluate the erosive wear behaviour of the materials subjected to repetitive impact of the solid particles in a fluid. Accurate knowledge of the particle impact velocity on the target surface is crucial for conducting experiments with JIT. The dynamic interaction between particles and the fluid is intricately influenced by the drag force, which induces fluctuations in both particle and fluid velocities. In the present work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based simulations are conducted to determine the particle impact velocity on the target surface in a JIT. The Eulerian-lagrangian approach is adopted to simulate the continuous gas phase and discrete particle phase in the flow domain. The effects of mass flow rate, tube length downstream of the nozzle exit (accelerating tube), nozzle exit area, and the distance between the specimen and the accelerating tube exit are investigated. It has been observed that the particle velocity at the nozzle exit is significantly less, approximately one-fifth of the fluid velocity. However, attachment of a tube at nozzle exit (accelerating tube) causes the increase in particle velocity downstream to the nozzle exit and during impact at the target surface. Further, the change in particle impact velocity with the nozzle exit area and space between the specimen and accelerating tube exit is analysed and discussed. These findings provide a better understanding of particle impact velocity in a JIT, which can help standardize test data and improve the reliability of erosion testing for different applications. Abhijit Parate*, Rahul Tarodiya Department of Mechanical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology Nagpur, Nagpur-440010, India. Tester for Gas Solid Flow 5 th International Structural Integrity Conference & Exhibition (SICE 2024) Numerical Investigation of Particle Impact Velocity in a Jet Impact © 2025 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SICE 2024 organizers Keywords: Jet Impingement Tester; Gas-Solid Flow; Particle Impact Velocity; CFD; DPM. ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +91-975-546-3783. E-mail address: abhiparate2000@gmail.com

2452-3216 © 2025 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SICE 2024 organizers 10.1016/j.prostr.2025.08.035