PSI - Issue 68

Ahmed W. Abdelghany et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 68 (2025) 520–526 Abdelghany et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2025) 000–000

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• Pancaked grain structures were consistently observed across all tested TMCP schedules confirming the deformation in the no-recrystallization regime, which contributed to substructure strengthening as a consequence of enhanced dislocation densities. • Hardness values decreased with the increasing temperature of the second deformation (T 2 ), highlighting the influence of processing temperatures on the resultant hardness of the TMCP samples. Expectedly, the highest hardness values were recorded at the lowest second-hit deformation temperatures of 850 and 900 °C. • Variation in cooling rate down to 1 °C/s following second-hit compression had no significant effect on the hardness value of the sample tested at T 2 =900 °C. • Traces of partial recrystallization were observed for the sample cooled at 1 °C/s following second-hit deformation at T 2 =900 °C. An increase in T 2 to 1000 °C resulted in slightly coarser grains, as the higher temperature expectedly promoted grain growth. Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support by the Research Fund for Coal and Steel (RFCS), European Commission via AUSTRONG project (Grant Agreement #101034012). References Abdelghany, A.W., Jaskari, M., Hamada, A.S., Järvenpää, A., El-Hofy, H.A., Chiba, A., Gepreel, M.A.-H., 2022. Hot deformation behavior and constitutive modeling of a cost-effective Al8Cr12Mn25Ni20Fe35 high-entropy alloy. J Alloys Compd 928, 167028. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JALLCOM.2022.167028 Anoop, C.R., Singh, R.K., Kumar, R.R., Jayalakshmi, M., Prabhu, T.A., Tharian, K.T., Narayana Murty, S.V.S., 2021. A Review on Steels for Cryogenic Applications. Mater Perform Charact 10, 16–88. https://doi.org/10.1520/MPC20200193 Baik, S. Il, Gupta, R.K., Kumar, K.S., Seidman, D.N., 2021. Temperature increases and thermoplastic microstructural evolution in adiabatic shear bands in a high-strength and high-toughness 10 wt.% Ni steel. Acta Mater 205, 116568. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ACTAMAT.2020.116568 DIN EN 10028-7 - Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 7: Stainless steels [WWW Document], n.d. URL (accessed 5.15.24). Gardner, L., 2005. The use of stainless steel in structures. Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials 7, 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/PSE.190 Irani, S., Irvine, K.J., Morrison, W.B., Pickering, F.B., Gladman, T., Jones, J.D., Rothwell, A.B., 2001. Development of Steel Plates by Intensive Use of TMCP and Direct Quenching Processes. ISIJ International 41, 542–553. https://doi.org/10.2355/ISIJINTERNATIONAL.41.542 Karjalainen, L.P., Taulavuori, T., Sellman, M., Kyröläinen, A., 2008. Some Strengthening Methods for Austenitic Stainless Steels. Steel Res Int 79, 404–412. https://doi.org/10.1002/SRIN.200806146 Maki, T., 1997. Stainless steel: progress in thermomechanical treatment. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci 2, 290–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-0286(97)80117-9 Mallick, P., Tewary, N.K., Ghosh, S.K., Chattopadhyay, P.P., 2018. Effect of TMCP on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 304 Stainless Steel. Steel Res Int 89, 1800103. https://doi.org/10.1002/SRIN.201800103 Mirzadeh, H., 2015. A Simplified Approach for Developing Constitutive Equations for Modeling and Prediction of Hot Deformation Flow Stress. Metall Mater Trans A Phys Metall Mater Sci 46, 4027–4037. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11661-015-3006-1/TABLES/1 Radionova, L. V., Perevozchikov, D. V., Makoveckii, A.N., Eremin, V.N., Akhmedyanov, A.M., Rushchits, S. V., 2023. Grain Growth during Mechanical Processing of Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI 321. Metals 2023, Vol. 13, Page 1421 13, 1421. https://doi.org/10.3390/MET13081421 Yamamoto, S., Sakiyama, T., Ouchi, C., 1987. Effect of Alloying Elements on Recrystallization Kinetics after Hot Deformation in Austenitic Stainless Steels. Yamamoto, S., Yokoyama, H., Abe, T., Kobayashi, Y., 1993. Strengthening of Austenitic Stainless Steels by Thermo-mechanical Control Process. Tetsu-to-Hagane 79, 524–530. https://doi.org/10.2355/TETSUTOHAGANE1955.79.4_524