PSI - Issue 68

Hamidreza Rohani Raftar et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 68 (2025) 1066–1073 Hamidreza Rohani Raftar et al./ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2025) 000–000

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• Machine learning serves as a valuable tool for predicting crack growth rates in pipeline steels and investigating the essential parameters associated with hydrogen-assisted fatigue. • The behaviour of crack growth in pipeline steel can be studied using machine learning under varying hydrogen pressures, considering the diverse parameters influencing fatigue phenomena. • Machine learning can be utilized to evaluate the alloy elements in pipeline steel, allowing for re assessment and redesign of pipelines, especially when considering hydrogen environments. For instance, reducing Mn and S in pipeline steel can help mitigate the risk of hydrogen embrittlement. • Further exploration of machine learning applications in studying hydrogen environment embrittlement in pipeline steel should focus on explaining the interactions between parameters and the material behaviour within hydrogenous environments. References [1] M. Safyari, G. Mori, S. Ucsnik, M. Moshtaghi, Mechanisms of hydrogen absorption, trapping and release during galvanostatic anodization of high-strength aluminum alloys, Journal of Materials Research and Technology 22 (2023) 80–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.11.111. [2] M. Moshtaghi, B. Loder, M. Safyari, T. Willidal, T. Hojo, G. Mori, Hydrogen trapping and desorption affected by ferrite grain boundary types in shielded metal and flux-cored arc weldments with Ni addition, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2022) S036031992201881X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.04.260. [3] B. Meng, C. Gu, L. Zhang, C. Zhou, X. Li, Y. Zhao, J. Zheng, X. Chen, Y. Han, Hydrogen effects on X80 pipeline steel in high-pressure natural gas/hydrogen mixtures, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42 (2017) 7404–7412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.145. [4] M. Moshtaghi, M. Safyari, Temperature mitigates the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of martensitic steels in slow strain rates, Vacuum 202 (2022) 111187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2022.111187. [5] M. Moshtaghi, M. Safyari, Different augmentations of absorbed hydrogen under elastic straining in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen environment by as-quenched and as-tempered martensitic steels: combined experimental and simulation study, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 48 (2023) 27408–27415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.03.396. [6] M. Safyari, M. Moshtaghi, Dependence of the mechanical properties of metastable austenitic stainless steel in high-pressure hydrogen gas on machining-induced defects, Materials Letters (2023) 134149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2023.134149. [7] M. Dadfarnia, A. Nagao, S. Wang, M.L. Martin, B.P. Somerday, P. Sofronis, Recent advances on hydrogen embrittlement of structural materials, International Journal of Fracture 196 (2015) 223–243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-015-0068-4. [8] S. Pichler, A. Bendo, G. Mori, M. Safyari, M. Moshtaghi, Inhibition of grain growth by pearlite improves hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of the ultra-low carbon ferritic steel: the influence of H-assisted crack initiation and propagation mechanisms, Journal of Materials Science (2023). [9] M. Moshtaghi, E. Maawad, A. Bendo, A. Krause, J. Todt, J. Keckes, M. Safyari, Design of high-strength martensitic steels by novel mixed metal nanoprecipitates for high toughness and suppressed hydrogen embrittlement, Materials & Design (2023) 112323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112323. [10] M. Truschner, J. Pengg, B. Loder, H. Köberl, P. Gruber, M. Moshtaghi, G. Mori, Hydrogen resistance and trapping behaviour of a cold drawn ferritic–pearlitic steel wire, International Journal of Materials Research 114 (2023) 439–452. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2022 0376. [11] Y. Ogawa, K. Umakoshi, M. Nakamura, O. Takakuwa, H. Matsunaga, Hydrogen-assisted, intergranular, fatigue crack-growth in ferritic iron: Influences of hydrogen-gas pressure and temperature variation, International Journal of Fatigue 140 (2020) 105806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.105806. [12] M. Moshtaghi, M. Safyari, M.M. Khonsari, Hydrogen-enhanced entropy (HEENT): A concept for hydrogen embrittlement prediction, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 53 (2024) 434–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.12.068. [13] M. Yoshikawa, T. Matsuo, N. Tsutsumi, H. Matsunaga, S. Matsuoka, Effects of hydrogen gas pressure and test frequency on fatigue crack growth properties of low carbon steel in 0.1-90 MPa hydrogen gas, Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 80 (2014) SMM0254– SMM0254. https://doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.2014smm0254. [14] K.A. Nibur, B.P. Somerday, C.S. Marchi, J.W. Foulk, M. Dadfarnia, P. Sofronis, The Relationship Between Crack-Tip Strain and Subcritical Cracking Thresholds for Steels in High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 44 (2013) 248– 269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1400-5. [15] R. Walter, W. Chandler, Cyclic-load crack growth in ASME SA-105 grade II steel in high-pressure hydrogen at ambient temperature, in: 1976. [16] P. Smith, A. Stewart, Effect of aqueous and hydrogen environments on fatigue crack growth in 2Ni-Cr-Mo-V rotor steel, Metal Science 13 (1979) 429–435. [17] I. Austen, P. McIntyre, Corrosion fatigue of high-strength steel in low-pressure hydrogen gas, Metal Science 13 (1979) 420–428.