PSI - Issue 67

Dan Huang et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 67 (2025) 61–79 Huang, D., Velay-Lizancos, M., Olek, J./ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2024) 000–000

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nano-TiO 2 or nano-silica), even though the OPC reference concrete had a good scaling resistance to begin with. 0.5% of nano-TiO 2 was approved to outperform 1.0% on the concrete scaling resistance, while the synergistic effect of incorporating both types of nano-silica was not present in the concrete scaling resistance. Due to the lack of information on the chemical composition of nano-silica used in the study, the mechanism of how different types of nano-silica affect the properties of concrete is not well understood. Thus, further research is needed to evaluate the impact of nano-silica on the chemical composition of cementitious composites. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Joint Transportation Research Program administered by the Indiana Department of Transportation and Purdue University. The grant reference number is SPR #4336. We extend our deepest gratitude to all individuals who have contributed to the completion of this research. Special thanks to Dr. Raikhan Tokpatayeva for obtaining the TEM images of E5 nano-silica particles and for her invaluable support throughout the project. References An experimental approach. Construction and Building Materials , 58 , 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.02.024 ACI CODE-318-19: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary . (n.d.). Retrieved June 16, 2022, from https://www.concrete.org/store/productdetail.aspx?ItemID=318U19&Language=English&Units=US_Units Afrani, I., & Rogers, C. (1994). Effects of different cementing materials and curing on concrete scaling. Cement, Concrete and Aggregates , 16 (2), 132–139. https://doi.org/10.1520/cca10291j Ali, R. A., & Kharofa, O. H. (2021). The impact of nanomaterials on sustainable architectural applications smart concrete as a model. Materials Today: Proceedings , 42 , 3010–3017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.814 Amini, K., Ceylan, H., & Taylor, P. C. (2019). Effect of curing regimes on hardened performance of concrete containing slag cement. Construction and Building Materials , 211 , 771–778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.273 ASTM C150-20. (2018). Standard Specification for Portland Cement. In ASTM standards (pp. 1–9). https://www.astm.org/c0150_c0150m 20.html ASTM C1585. (2013). Standard Test Method for Measurement of Rate of Absorption of Water by Hydraulic-Cement Concretes. ASTM International , 1–6. https://www.astm.org/c1585-20.html ASTM C39/C39M-20. (2003). Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. ASTM Standard Book , i (March), 1–5. https://www.astm.org/c0039_c0039m-20.html ASTM C672/C672M-12. (2012). Standard Test Method for Scaling Resistance of Concrete Surfaces Exposed to Deicing Chemicals, ASTM International . https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1520/C0672_C0672M-12 C78-18, A. (2010). Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete ( Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading ) 1. Hand The , C78 02 (C), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1520/C0078_C0078M-21 Chen, J., Kou, S., & Poon, C. (2012). Hydration and properties of nano-TiO2 blended cement composites. Cement and Concrete Composites , 34 (5), 642–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEMCONCOMP.2012.02.009 Division of Construction Management, I. (2020). DIVISION 900 – MATERIALS DETAILS . El-Sadany, R. A., Sallam, H. E. D. M., & Al-Tersawy, S. H. (2023). Effect of hybrid nanoparticles additions to normal weight concrete on its microstructures and mechanical properties before and after exposure to gamma-rays. Construction and Building Materials , 376 (January), 131037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131037 Ferreira, M. T., Soldado, E., Borsoi, G., Mendes, M. P., & Flores-Colen, I. (2023). Nanomaterials Applied in the Construction Sector: Environmental, Human Health, and Economic Indicators. Applied Sciences (Switzerland) , 13 (23). https://doi.org/10.3390/app132312896 AASHTO PP 84 - Standard Practice for Developing Performance Engineered Concrete Pavement Mixtures . (n.d.). Retrieved January 7, 2022, from https://standards.globalspec.com/std/14221373/AASHTO PP 84 AASHTO TP 119-15(2019) | Techstreet Enterprise . (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2021, from https://subscriptions.techstreet.com/products/904516 AASHTO TP 135 - Standard Method of Test for Determining the Total Pore Volume in Hardened Concrete Using Vacuum Saturation . (n.d.). Retrieved January 7, 2022, from https://standards.globalspec.com/std/14232673/aashto-tp-135 Abd Elrahman, M., & Hillemeier, B. (2014). Combined effect of fine fly ash and packing density on the properties of high performance concrete: