PSI - Issue 62

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Marco Perazzi et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 62 (2024) 225–232 M. Perazzi et al./ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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From a management perspective, the the Port Systems Autorithies are responsible for the construction of the infrastructures and the maintenance of those intended for public use, while the transport network within the port terminals is the responsibility of the concessionaires. The port railway network constitutes a system connected to the national infrastructure and the formation and movement of trains, on the public parts, is entrusted to railway companies that operate under a concession contract with the Port Systems Autorithies. 4. Safety Management Systems in EU trasportation 4.1 Railway SMS Since 2001, the European Union has approved several railway legislative "packages", aimed at opening up the railway market and ensuring the interoperability of national railway systems across the EU. With EC Regulation n. 881/2004, repealed by EU Regulation 2016/796, a European Railway Agency (ERA) was established, while in Italy with Legislative Decree. n. 162/2007, the National Agency for Railway Safety (ANSF) was established, which on 30 November 2020 merged into the National Agency for Railway and Road Infrastructure Safety (ANSFISA). ERA has developed common technical and safety standards across the EU including guidelines for Safety Management Systems (SMS) . The SMS is one of the pillars of the safety regulatory framework that contributes to ensuring a high level of railway safety. All entities that manage the railway system, i.e. railway companies and infrastructure managers, have full responsibility for the safety of the system, each for their own part, and the establishment of a properly functioning SMS is identified as the appropriate way to fulfill this responsibility. The purpose of the SMS is to ensure that the organization achieves its business objectives securely and complies with all security obligations applicable to it. These safety obligations must always be respected in today's complex and ever-changing rail environment. In the road and motorway transport sector, a European Agency has never been established, aimed at bringing together all the functions of infrastructure managers, and regulation is not structured like in the railway sector. The regulatory evolution in the infrastructure sector, promoted by the Italian Ministry of Infrastructure, has led to the release of “Guidelines for Risk Classification and Management of Existing Tunnels” (Tunnels Guidelines) outlined in the CSLLPP ministerial decree No. 247/2022 and the update of the “Guidelines for Risk Classification and Management of Existing Bridges” (Bridge Guidelines) outlined in the CSLLPP ministerial decree No. 204/2022 (that refines, and surpasses the previous provisions of decree No. 578/2020) is integrated with the operational instructions provided by ANSFISA in 2022 (CSLLPP, 2020, CSLLPP, 2022a, CSLLPP, 2022b, ANSFISA, 2022, Viti, 2023, Renzi, 2023). Moreover ANSFISA has developed the guidelines for the implementation, certification and evaluation of SMS for the verification and maintenance of road and highway infrastructures. In fact, starting from the global standards and best practices of ICAO (2016), ITF (2015, 2022), EASA (2017) and ERA (2018), it has developed the specifications of a management system that is independent of the type of transport and which therefore it can be easily applied to infrastructures (De Bartolomeo, 2023). ANSFISA has established three fundamental principles as the basis of the regulatory development project: “just culture”, continuous improvement and a performance-based approach to safety management. The guidelines and SMS certification specifications are critical tools that facilitate implementation, certification, and continuous monitoring of the progress of an SMS. 4.3 Maritime and Port SMS European Marittime Safety Agency was founded in 2002, after the EU adopted substantial packages of legislation relating to maritime safety in the wake of major shipping disasters in European waters, such as those involving the ferry Estonia and the oil tankers Erika and Prestige. The Porth Authority, has a primary responsibility to facilitate the safety of navigation and associated marine operations. A port SMS is the main tool necessary to manage navigation 4.2 Roads and Highway SMS