PSI - Issue 62

Edoardo Proverbio et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 62 (2024) 285–298

296

Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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corrosion attacks occurring on steel surface. Cathodic polarization of steel elements due to direct or indirect contact with zinc or galvanized elements and an aggressive environment could promote hydrogen discharge on steel leading to HE and need to be carefully evaluated. Even if generalized corrosion can be extensive and deep, hydrogen induced damage can be negligible. On the other hand, small, masked defects with limited oxygen supply can be dangerous HAC initiation sites. Once initiated, subcritical crack propagation depends on metallurgical as well as environmental factors. Proper control of the environment (quality of concrete or mortar, control of contaminants), the design, the execution and workmanship, can significantly reduce the likelihood of hydrogen induced damage occurrence. A significant role in the prevention of hydrogen induced damage is played by steel metallurgy. Cold drawn and stabilized steel is less susceptible to hydrogen damage, even if the still increasing limit in the UTS of steel admitted in the market can be considered a dangerous aspect, in particular, if considering that higher resistance induces designers to apply higher loads to the prestressing elements. Following current standards, the susceptibility to hydrogen damage of steel wire, strand and bars is based on load tests in ammonium thiocyanate solutions originated from earlier FIP and DIBt tests. However, such assessment does not reflect all possible stress corrosion cracking mechanisms being based only on hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms, on the other hand could be a cause of improper steel rejection or acceptance and need therefore to be used with attention. ACI-ASCE Joint Committee 323. (1958). Tentative Recommendations for Prestressed Concrete-ACI 323. Journal of the American Concrete Institute, 29(7), 545–578. American Concrete Institute. ACI Committee 222. (2014). Report on corrosion of prestressing steels. American Concrete Institute. Atienza, J. M., Martinez-Perez, M. L., Ruiz-Hervias, J., Mompean, F., Garcia-Hernandez, M., & Elices, M. (2005). Residual stresses in cold drawn ferritic rods. Scripta Materialia, 52(4), 305–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.10.010 Bujňáková, P. (2020). Anchorage System in Old Post-Tensioned Precast Bridges. Civil and Environmental Engineering, 16(2), 379–387. https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2020-0038 CEN/TC 459/SC 4 Concrete reinforcing and prestressing steels. (2022). prEN 10337 Zinc and zinc alloy coated prestressing steel wires and strands. CEN. (2000a). PrEN 10138-2 - 2000 - Prestressing Steels Part 2 - Wire. CEN. (2000b). prEN 10138-4 2000 Prestressing Steels Part 4 Bar. CEN. (2002). ISO 15630 – 3:2002, Steel for Reinforcement and Pre-stressing of Concrete – Test Methods – Part 3: Pre-stressing Steel. International Organization for Standardization. CEN. (2003). CWA 14646, Requirements for the installation of post-tensioning kits for prestressing of structures and qualification of the specialist company and its personnel. European Committee for Standardization. CEN. (2006). prEN 10138-3-2006 Prestressing steels - Part 3: Strand. Chung, Y. (2014). Corrosion on the New EasternSpan of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. Materials Performance, 53(11), 58–62. Deutsches Institut für Normung. (2008). DIN 1045-1 - Tragwerke aus Beton, Stahlbeton und Spannbeton; Bemessung und Konstruktion. Deutsches Institut für Normung. Elices, M, Caballero, L., Valiente, A., Ruiz, J., & Martin, A. (2008). Hydrogen Embrittlement of Steels for Prestressing Concrete: The FIP and DIBt Tests. In CORROSION ENGINEERING SECTION (Vol. 164). Elices, Manuel, Chabert, A., Galvez Ruiz, J., Guanglu, L., Mikami, Y., Mizoguchi, S., Nürnberger, U., Pompeu Santos, S., Sandberg, P., Theryo, T., Valentini, V., Virmami, Y. P., West, J. rey S., & Windisch, A. (2003). fib Bulletin 26. lnfluence of material and processing on stress corrosion cracking of prestressing steel - case studies. fib. The International Federation for Structural Concrete. https://doi.org/10.35789/fib.BULL.0026 FIP. (1981). FIP-78 Stress Corrosion Test, Technical Report No. 5. Fédération internationale de la précontrainte. FIP. (1996). Corrosion protection of prestressing steels. FIP. (1998). Brittle failure of prestressing steel, Statement by FIP Commission 2 on Prestressing materials and systems. Fuzier, J.-P., Ganz, H.-R., Matt, P., & Fédération internationale du béton. (2006). fib Bulletin 33. Durability of post-tensioning tendons : recommendation. References