PSI - Issue 59

J. Gerlici et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 59 (2024) 66–73 Juraj Gerlici et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000

70

5

The thickness of the sandwich panel sheets was determined using the Bubnov-Galerkin method. In this case, the panel sheet was considered as a slab. Then, the stresses acting in the longitudinal and transverse cross-sections of the slab were determined by the known formulae, respectively:

2

2 2 2

96 (

) a a b  

b

  

(2)

,

P X



 







4

2 2 2 2



 a b





2

2 2 2

96 (

) b a b  

a

  

(3)

,

P Y



 







4

2 2 2 2



 a b





Fig. 4. Accelerations acting on the open wagon body

Using the geometric dimensions of the slab and its material, it was possible to determine the thickness of the slab by formulae (1) and (2). For example, from formula (1), the thickness of the slab is

96

2

2 2 2

(

) a a b  

P

b





  

4

(4)



.









2 2 2

a b 



X 

The stresses were calculated by the example of an open wagon model 12-757 with hatch covers, which had an internal body length of 12.228 m, a width of 2.964 m and a height of 2.315 m. A total of 14 sandwich panels were used for the side wall of the body. Taking into account the sidewall geometry, the panel width was assumed to be 1.59 m, and the height was 2.315 m. The sandwich panels were made of Steel 09G2S. When determining the load acting on the slab, it was taken into account that the slab endured the pressure of the bulk freight, the centrifugal force and the wind load, i.e., the transverse loads that acted on the wagon in operation. These loads were determined according to the classical formulae given in the regulatory document (DSTU 7598:2014). At the same time, the pressure of the bulk freight at this stage of research was taken as a uniformly distributed load the slab height along. Based on the calculation, the thickness of the sandwich panel sheet was about 3 mm. The following stage of the study included the determination of the strength of the open wagon body with sandwich panel walls. Therefore, a spatial model of the open wagon body was built (Fig. 5). The model included components of the body rigidly interacting with each other. The strength calculation was carried out using the finite element method in SolidWorks Simulation (Kozyar et al., 2018; Pustyulga et al., 2018; Lovskaya 2014). The design diagram of the open wagon body included the following loads: vertical Р v and transverse Р p , which, in its turn, included the pressure of bulk freight, centrifugal and wind loads (Fig. 6).