PSI - Issue 54

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Wojciech Skarka et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 54 (2024) 490–497 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000 ( 1 ( 1 ) 1 ) 2 +( 31 ( 31 ) ) 2 = 72 Natural fiber composite compression (direction 1) ( 1 ( 1 ) 1 ) 2 = 8 2 1 =− 1 −( 3 ) 3 1 Natural fiber composite tension/shear (direction 2) ( 2 ( 2 ) 2 ) 2 +( 23 ( 23 ) ) 2 = 9 2 Natural fiber composite compression (direction 2) ( 2 ( 2 ) 2 ) 2 = 1 2 0 2 =− 2 −( 3 ) 3 1 Natural fiber composite damage

493

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

( 3 ( 2 ) ) 2 = 1 2 1 (5)

Natural fiber composite shear failure (direction 12) ( 12 ( 12 ) 12 ) 2 = 1 2 2 Natural fiber composite shear failure (direction 12) ²(

(6)

( 3 ) 3 )+( 23 ( 23 ) 23 )+( 31 ( 31 ) 31 ) 2 = 1 2 3

(7)

In Equation (1-7), the variables X1T, X1c, X2T, and X2c represent the longitudinal tensile and compressive material strengths in direction_1, as well as the transverse material tensile and compressive strengths in direction_2, respectively. The terms SFS, SFC, and S3T denote the natural fiber damage strength under shear, tension (in direction_2), and material tensile strength. Similarly, S12, S23, and S31 represent the shear strength of the natural fiber composite matrix in modes 12, 23, and 31. The symbol S in the equation stands for the material delamination scaling factor, while r7-13 denotes the material damage thresholds. Additionally, G12, G23, and G31 correspond to the shear modulus of the natural fiber composite matrix in directions 12, 23, and 31. Lastly, E1, E2, and E3 represent Young’s modulus of the natural fiber composite matrix in various directions. 2.2. Optimization methodology A cost-effective and uncomplicated manufacturing process could be achieved by using a basic sandwich T-joint design without removing the foundational core. This modification would also enhance the bending stiffness of the base panel. To assess this new approach, four distinct designs featuring varying base core materials were to be simulated and examined. Table 2 provides an overview of these diverse design scenarios.