PSI - Issue 48

Cakram Yudhifa Ganda Satriawan et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 48 (2023) 50–57 Satriawan et.al./ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000–000

52

3

The issues solved display singularities and infinite incremental stiffness with accurate solutions in an efficient manner. The engineering stress-strain curve can be converted using logarithmic equations (Eqs. 1 and 2). The division of the increment of the strain and actual length characterizes the strain. The stress can be calculated as axial force and actual cross-sectional area of the materials for tensile testing material (Petrík and Aroch, 2019; Prabowo et al., 2020). =   ݋ 1  ݈ ׬ =݈݊ ( 1 +  ) (1)   =   =   0  0 =     0 =   (  + 1 ) (2) ANSYS used Newton-Raphson’s method to solve non-linear analysis. The load subdivided into a series of load increments and then be applied over several load steps (Al-Murshidi and Al-Ta’ee, 2014). The finite element formulations generate one simultaneous equation for the approach material behaviour of steel beams in a non-linear solution (Eq. 3). [KT] {Δu} = {F} – {F nr } (3) Where: [KT] as a tangent stiffness matrix; {Δu} as a displacement increment; {F} as an external load vector; and {F nr } as an internal force vector (Preetha et al., 2021). 3. Analysis Configuration In this study, three structural steel materials of different grades did a non-linearity analysis for structural steel. Variation geometry and material type can be seen in Table 1. In a general finite element analysis, the elastic-plastic model used bilinear to analyze von Mises stress for structural steel properly. The data included in the study can be seen in Table 2.

Table 1. Material type and geometry. Material Type The thickness of the flange (mm) The thickness of the web (mm)

SS400

SS490

SS540

7 7

7 7

7 7

Length of a beam (mm) Width of the beam (mm) Height of beam (mm) Section of area (mm 2 )

500 110 110

500 110 110

500 110 110

55x10 3

55x10 3

55x10 3

Table 2. Material properties of structural steel for non-linear analysis. Material Type SS400

SS490

SS540

Yield Strength (MPa) Tangent Modulus (MPa)

245

285

400

1000 7850

1000 7850

1000 7850

Density (kg/m 3 )

The studied geometry is in the form of a structural steel beam with shell elements. Thick shells can consider stress through the thickness of the element in the average direction and count total deformation. Structural steel material was modelled using ANSYS with fixed support conditions and pressure applied. The variable load pressure element can be seen in Fig. 2a. The loading was placed along the section area, and the material was pinching at the beginning of the Z-axis. The analysis was carried out at 22 °C. Loading analysis was carried out for 2 seconds, where the maximum load is in the first second, and then the load will be released after passing the first second. The