PSI - Issue 42

Manuel Sardinha et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 42 (2022) 1098–1105 Manuel Sardinha / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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5. Final Remarks Methodologies that encompass functionality and context can shorten development stages, increasing product efficiency. Commonly, design approaches provide selective assistance in the product development process, and practical methodologies that guide innovative creations continue to be scarce. This work addresses design for FFF, and more specifically, provides considerations regarding its suitability to the manufacture of NPTs. By incorporating innovative designs to produce functionally driven customizable products and allowing innovation while promoting the reduction of transportation costs and associated environmental impacts, NPTs produced by FFF could be a solution for a near future. In this work, among the published research addressing the conception and testing of NPTs, most common designs and notable approaches were evaluated, and their potential to be fused filament fabricated was proposed. Taking advantage of the natural readiness of implementation and spread-out use of FFF technology, the result of this overview aims to be an accessible compendium of design solutions to simple problems and low load demanding applications. In the future, these remarks could be used to select adequate geometries and further study their applicability to customizable, affordable and on demand production of non-pneumatic tires. Acknowledgements This work was supported by FCT - Fundação para a Cíência e Tecnologia, through IDMEC, under LAETA, Project UIDB/50022/2020. Manuel Sardinha gratefully acknowledges FCT, for his PhD research grant reference 2021.04919.BD. References [1] J. Ju, D. M. Kim, and K. Kim, “Flexible cellular solid spokes of a non - pneumatic tire,” Composite Structures , vol. 94, no. 8, pp. 2285 – 2295, Jul. 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.12.022. [2] A. Gasmi, P. F. Joseph, T. B. Rhyne, and S. M. Cron, “Develop ment of a two-dimensional model of a compliant non- pneumatic tire,” International Journal of Solids and Structures , vol. 49, no. 13, pp. 1723 – 1740, Jun. 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2012.03.007. [3] X. Jin, C. Hou, X. Fan, Y. Sun, J. Lv, and C. Lu, “Inves tigation on the static and dynamic behaviors of non pneumatic tires with honeycomb spokes,” Composite Structures , vol. 187, pp. 27 – 35, Mar. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.12.044. [4] J. Ju, M. Veeramurthy, J. D. Summers, and L. Thompson, “Rolling Res istance of a Non-Pneumatic Tire having a Porous Elastomer Composite Shear Band "Rolling Resistance of a Non-Pneumatic Tire having a Porous Elastomer Composite Shear Band.” [5] K. Kim, H. Heo, M. S. Uddin, J. Ju, and D. M. Kim, “Optimization of Nonpneumatic Tire with Hexagonal Lattice Spokes for Reducing Rolling Resistance,” in SAE Technical Papers , Apr. 2015, vol. 2015-April, no. April. doi: 10.4271/2015-01-1515. [6] M. Veeramurthy, J. Ju, L. L. Thompson, and J. D. Summers, “Optimisation of geometry and mat erial properties of a non- pneumatic tyre for reducing rolling resistance ‘Optimisation of geometry and material properties of a non- pneumatic tyre for reducing rolling resistance,’” 2014. [7] M. Kucewicz, P. Baranowski, and J. Małachowski, “Airless tire co nceptions modeling and simulations,” Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering , pp. 293 – 301, 2017, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-50938-9_30. [8] J. Jackowski, M. Wieczorek, and M. Żmuda, “ENERGY CONSUMPTION ESTIMATION OF NON PNEUMATIC TIRE AND PNEUMATIC TIRE DURING ROLLING,” Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport , vol. 1, no. 1, 2018, doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.2463. [9] A. Oliveira et al. , “Evaluation of cellular structures with triply periodic minimal surfaces fabricated by additive manufacturing,” Engineering Manufacturing Letters , vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 28 – 33, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.24840/2795-5168_001-001_0006. [10] J. H. Park and K. Park, “Compressive behavior of soft lattice structures and their application to functional compliance control,” Additive Manufacturing , vol. 33, May 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.addma.2020.101148. [11] B. Garrido Silva et al. , “Functionally graded cellular cores of sandwich panels fabricated by additive