PSI - Issue 42

Manuel Sardinha et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 42 (2022) 1098–1105 Manuel Sardinha / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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4. Summary of suitable NPT designs for FFF This section is dedicated to summarizing research designs that have been proposed in the literature to produce NPTs, and qualitatively address their suitability to be fused filament fabricated. This qualitative analysis takes into account the considerations addressed in section 3 and categorizes designs as not adequate, feasible, or adequate. Additionally, data gathered in Table 1 identifies if the cited research evaluates a single ring of NPTs, or if it specifically provides considerations regarding its annular conception. As an example, research that analyses the influence of both shear ring and spokes design spaces is considered to address annular functionality, while research that solely analyses the behavior of a shear ring design is considered has not specifically addressed annular functionality. Table 1. Summary of design proposals for the composition of NPTs and their suitability to be fused filament fabricated. *Most likely needs adaptations; **might need support structures. Source (Main author, year) Ref. Notes on design considerations Addresses annular functionality Design structure type Suitability for FFF

(Ju et al., 2012) (Gasmi et al., 2012) (Jin et al., 2018) (Ju et al., 2012) (Kim et al., 2015) (Jackowski et al., 2018)

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [8]

No No No

Honeycomb and auxetic

Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate

Radial

Honeycomb

Yes

Radial, cellular shear ring

Partial Partial

Auxetic

Shear ring designs

Honeycomb, Tweel and Auxetic 2D, 3D, TPMS, (…) Radial (Tweel-based) Radial (Rectangular Grid based cell)

Some are adequate

(Jafferson & Sharma, 2021)

[14]

Compares multiple designs

Partial

Depends on example Adequate Adequate Adequate Not adequate Adequate Adequate Depends on example Not adequate

(Rugsaj & Suvanjumrat, 2019) [20]

No No No No No No No

(Fu et al., 2021)

[21]

(Sriwijaya & Hamzah, 2019)

[22] [23] [24] [25] [26]

honeycomb Hinge-based

(Xiao et al., 2018) (Sim et al., 2021) (Ning et al., 2016)

Radial

Honeycomb

(Kucewicz et al., 2017)

Honeycomb, Tweel and Bridgestone’s concept Radial and angular continuous spring structure 2D and 3D honeycombs Radial, grid, and honeycomb Honeycomb and auxetic Radial spokes and shear ring cell Radial, Honeycomb and auxetic Honeycomb, Tweel and UPTIS Radial (Tweel-based) Radial (Crossed spokes), Honeycomb, (…) Honeycomb, Triangle and Diamond Radial (spoke mimicking a kangaroo lower limb) Elastic hinge Radial Honeycomb Elastic hinge

(Guo et al., 2016)

[27]

Spring structure concept

No

(Kim et al., 2011) (Zhang et al., 2020) (Ju & Summers, 2011)

[28] [29] [30]

No No No

Some are adequate

Adequate Adequate

Compliant design

(Ma et al., 2009 & 2011)

[31] & [32] [33] & [34]

Yes

Feasible

(Ma et al., 2011 & Ju et al., 2018)

Cellular shear ring designs

Yes

Adequate

(Mazur, 2018)

[35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [13] [43] [44] [45] [46]

No No No No No No No No No No No

Adequate Adequate

(Dhrangdhariya et al., 2021)

(Narasimhan et al., 2011) (Meng et al., 2016) (Vinay et al., 2015) (Du et al., 2017) (Ramadhani et al., 2021) (Xiao et al., 2019) (Zhang et al., 2021) (Jang et al., 2012) (Kim et al., 2013) (Pewekar et al., 2018) (Wu et al., 2021)

Feasible** Adequate** Adequate Not adequate Adequate* Not adequate Adequate

Partial

Bio-inspired

Radial

Adequate Adequate Adequate Adequate

Honeycomb Honeycomb

Anti-tetrachiral connections

Partial

Rectangular grid with anti tetrachiral structure Radial and Honeycomb

(Hryciów et al., 2020)

[47]

Partial

Adequate