PSI - Issue 64

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ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

Procedia Structural Integrity 64 (2024) 97–104

SMAR 2024 – 7th International Conference on Smart Monitoring, Assessment and Rehabilitation of Civil Structures Durability of concrete assessed via different unsaturated and steady flow methods Laurena De Brabandere a , Natalia Mariel Alderete a , Nele De Belie a, * a Magnel-Vandepitte Laboratory, Department of Structural Engineering and Building Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 60, Campus Ardoyen, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Abstract Recently, there is a growing interest in how to decrease the environmental impact of concrete and to increase its durability. As concrete is mostly unsaturated during its service life, measuring unsaturated flow (through imbibition or diffusion) can provide information to assess its durability. Additionally, permeability values are often used to describe concrete’s ability to with stand the ingress of aggressive agents. However, it is not known whether the measured performance is representative of service-life behavior. In this research, the results obtained via two unsaturated flow methods (imbibition and diffusion) and two permeability tests (CEMBUREAU and Torrent method) were compared. In order to do this, 6 concrete mixes with 3 different cement types (CEM I, CEM II and CEM III) and two water to cement (w/c) ratios (0.4 and 0.7), were tested after 28 days of curing. Capillary imbibition was tested on specimens with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 100 mm for a duration of 1 month. Furthermore, water vapour diffusion through the concrete was measured using the cup method, which consists of creating a moisture gradient by using a hygroscopic salt, with a concrete slice as a barrier. The results showed that for concrete with a w/c of 0.4 all test methods indicated that CEM III performed worse in comparison to CEM I and CEM II, which had a similar performance. However, for a w/c of 0.7, CEM III performed superior in comparison to CEM I and CEM II in the capillary imbibition test and the water vapour diffusion. This can possibly be explained by an increased tortuosity in the CEM III mix. In the gas permeability tests, CEM III performed worse compared to CEM I and CEM II. © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SMAR 2024 Organizers Keywords: Concrete; durability; performance assessment SMAR 2024 – 7th International Conference on Smart Monitoring, Assessment and Rehabilitation of Civil Structures Durability of concrete assessed via different unsaturated and steady flow methods Laurena De Brabandere a , Natalia Mariel Alderete a , Nele De Belie a, * a Magnel-Vandepitte Laboratory, Department of Structural Engineering and Building Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 60, Campus Ardoyen, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Abstract Recently, there is a growing interest in how to decrease the environmental impact of concrete and to increase its durability. As concrete is mostly unsaturated during its service life, measuring unsaturated flow (through imbibition or diffusion) can provide information to assess its durability. Additionally, permeability values are often used to describe concrete’s ability to with stand the ingress of aggressive agents. However, it is not known whether the measured performance is representative of service-life behavior. In this research, the results obtained via two unsaturated flow methods (imbibition and diffusion) and two permeability tests (CEMBUREAU and Torrent method) were compared. In order to do this, 6 concrete mixes with 3 different cement types (CEM I, CEM II and CEM III) and two water to cement (w/c) ratios (0.4 and 0.7), were tested after 28 days of curing. Capillary imbibition was tested on specimens with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 100 mm for a duration of 1 month. Furthermore, water vapour diffusion through the concrete was measured using the cup method, which consists of creating a moisture gradient by using a hygroscopic salt, with a concrete slice as a barrier. The results showed that for concrete with a w/c of 0.4 all test methods indicated that CEM III performed worse in comparison to CEM I and CEM II, which had a similar performance. However, for a w/c of 0.7, CEM III performed superior in comparison to CEM I and CEM II in the capillary imbibition test and the water vapour diffusion. This can possibly be explained by an increased tortuosity in the CEM III mix. In the gas permeability tests, CEM III performed worse compared to CEM I and CEM II. © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SMAR 2024 Organizers Keywords: Concrete; durability; performance assessment © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SMAR 2024 Organizers

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +32 9 264 55 36. E-mail address: Nele.DeBelie@UGent.be * Corresponding author. Tel.: +32 9 264 55 36. E-mail address: Nele.DeBelie@UGent.be

2452-3216 © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SMAR 2024 Organizers 2452-3216 © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SMAR 2024 Organizers

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