PSI - Issue 64

Haider Mraih et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 64 (2024) 1402–1410 Haider Maih/ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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Table 2. Existing works of structural strengthening against impact loads using various strengthening materials.

Impact load details

Strengthening axis

Max deflection

Failure load

Load direction 1

Failure mode 2

FRPs type

Sample size.

Drop height

Kinetic energy

Ref

Mass

Long.

Trav.

kg

m

J

Layer/thickness/ratio

mm

kN

-

-

-

mm

85 85 85 85

-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

0.163 0.612 0.635 1.041

- - - - -

S

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6

1L 2L 3L 3L

S+D S+D S+D

(Jerome and Ross, 1997)

U 3 -CFRP

43.7

L

76 × 76 × 762

265

3L

1.96

S+SD

0

- - - - - - - -

0.48 2.85 4.2 627 338 188 359 3

F D D D D D F S

(Cantwell and Smith, 1999)

1L/1.25mm 2L/2.5mm

U-CFRP

1.5

1.2

25 × 25 × 240

17.7

L

4L/5mm

2

- - - -

3mm 3mm 1 mm 1 mm

PY PY

Steel plate

(Erki and Meier, 1999)

300 × 400 × 8000

2.2

End beam dropping

DOE

1

U-CFRP

1.5

1.37 1.37 1.37 1.07 1.07

300 300 300 230 230 5.6

-

21.5 16.8 13.9 27.9 21.1

- - - - - - - -

1L-AFRP (0.13, 0.43) mm 1L-CFRP (0.1, 0.67) mm

U-CFRP + U-AFRP

(Tang, 2002, Tang and Saadatmanesh , 2005)

203 × 95 × (1.98-2.9)

L

S S S S

22.5

1.5

- - -

76 38 19

5.6

0.04% 0.04%

CC

1.5 × 3

U-CFRP (t=0.167 mm)

(Liu and Xiao, 2016)

200 × 400 × 2400

383

L

3

11.2 5.6 + 11.2

S+R

1.5 + 3

-

0.08%

19

-

F+S

-

- - -

52.3 31.2 28.7 31.7 29.8 78.7

453 470 464 460 492

CC

U-CFRP (t= 0.45 mm)

150 × 250 × 1500

1L 2L 2L 2L

D D

(Pham and Hao, 2017)

203.5

4

2

L

1L+1U 1L+7U

D+R D+R

S

383

1.5

5.6

-

-

1450

SF

1L @ 200 mm 1L @ 200 mm 1L @ 200 mm 1L@ 400 mm

383

1.5

5.6

-

18.4

1381

S+R

383

3

11.2

-

40

1959

U-CFRP (t= 1 mm)

(Liu and Xiao, 2017)

200 × 400 × 2400

L

S

513

2.3

11.2

-

33

1670

CC

383

4.5

16.9

-

44.3

1885

-

383

3

11.2

-

2L

18.5

1401

F

773

6

45.4

- - - - - - - - - -

2L

-

2227

0

31.2 19.7 80.1 31.8 27.1 19.4 75.4 28.9

676 579

S F S F S F S F

6.7

2L

7

0

1030

16 16

(Xu et al., 2020, Zhou, 2021)

2L

961 719 536 924 147 255 349 379

L

U-CFRP (t= 1.2 mm)

Horizont al Impact

330 Dia. × 1700

1582

0

7 7

2L

0

1060

16 16

2L

-

85

SY

2L 3L 4L

2L 2L 2L

115 137 148

U-AFRP (t= 0.29 mm)

Rapid split of Kevlar in tension

(Suter and Chang, 2001)

400 × 400 × 5200

-

-

-

L

20

3.5

-

-

68.3

-

L+S

(Gurbuz, 2018, Gurbuz et al., 2015)

U-AFRP (t= 0.2 mm)

300 × 300 × 3200

20

585

3.5

-

2L

50.3

-

L

F

26

4.5

-

2L

99

-

F+LR