PSI - Issue 64

Eric Williams et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 64 (2024) 1573–1580 Williams, Annooz, and Myers / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2024) 000 – 000

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Fig. 2. Failure modes: (a) concrete splitting and (b) pull-out.

Table 5. Average bond stress and failure modes. Specimen type ID Bond stress (MPa)

Standard deviation (MPa)

Failure mode

CC13E CC13M CC13S CC19E CC19M CC19S CI13M CI13S CI19M CI19S SC13M SC13S SC19M SC19S

24.4 12.4 22.2 15.6 16.7 16.5 14.6 22.8 18.7 21.4 23.8 15.3 18.0 7.5

0.10 0.94 2.70 0.90 1.10 1.00 6.40 4.20 1.30 0.26 2.20 1.10 1.30 2.60

Concrete splitting

Pull-out

Concrete splitting Concrete splitting Concrete splitting Concrete splitting Concrete splitting Concrete splitting Concrete splitting Concrete splitting Concrete splitting Concrete splitting Pull-out Pull-out