PSI - Issue 64

Victor Procópio de Oliveira et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 64 (2024) 653–660 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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The study at IFSP Campus Caraguatatuba focuses on Smart Concrete Sensors for keeping an eye on reinforced and prestressed concrete bridges. It outlines the economic benefits of detecting structural issues early, which enhances structural quality and safety. The research advocates for these sensors' use and understanding, paving the way for innovation that could improve cost-efficiency, safety, and long-term sustainability in construction. Smart sensors in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems mark a significant leap forward by providing immediate, detailed data that enable quicker identification of irregularities, potentially extending infrastructure lifespan and cutting down on maintenance expenses. 2 Conventional Structure Inspection According to Luo (2022), Digital Inspection involves the use of digital technology, including drones, advanced cameras, and software for image processing and data analysis, to examine and oversee existing structures and buildings. This approach allows for more effective and precise information gathering and inspections than traditional paper-based or direct visual methods, which depend largely on the expertise of the individual conducting them (LUO et al. 2022). Digital inspection's primary goal is to watch for or foresee the development of cracks, signs of stress, and movement in concrete buildings. Wang (2022) notes that while some cracks are minor and not a serious concern, others can endanger a structure's stability and safety. Luo (2022) states that fissures are normal in concrete due to limited structural movement. They can let corrosive materials and water in, leading to both structural and surface damage. Despite attempts to address bridge fissure issues, Wang (2022) highlights that it remains a problem that calls for thorough evaluation of their impact and seriousness to maintain safety. Presently, bridge data is gathered via field inspections; however, advancements in Automated Bridge Management Systems like PONTIS are designed to support the oversight and upkeep of bridges in Canada (ZHU et al. 2020). Gasparetto (2021) mentions that visual inspections are limited and laborious, with potential for human errors. The development of digital inspection techniques seeks to enhance these tasks, quantifying fissures and updating information about the structure.

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Fig. 1. (a) first picture; (b) second picture.

Luo (2022) suggests using digital technologies to create numerical representations and 3D models of concrete defects for better quantification and simulation of visual inspections. Wang (2022) notes digital inspection's benefits, including precision, efficient data gathering, and faster inspections, but also emphasizes that it should complement traditional methods for thorough and precise structural assessments. SHM Conventional Methods According to Pallarés (2021), SHM conventional methods correspond to technique used over time to assess the integrity and performance of bridges, buildings, and other structures. These methods typically involve Non-Destructive Testing (NDT), which comprises a set of techniques and methods used to evaluate the properties and integrity of the materials composing a structure without causing any damage (PALLARÉS, BETTI, BARTOLI, 2021). 2.1