PSI - Issue 64

Lucas Martins Barreto et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 64 (2024) 1168–1175 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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2019 the mandatory minimum distance of 50 meters between them to reduce the concentrated load on the bridge (HAMBURG PORT AUTHORITY, 2023). The World Port Sustainability Program (SCHWARZ, 2021) states this bridge as a landmark for its city, being the main traffic link connecting the Port of Hamburg to the city. The structure is subject to great levels of stress due to the increasing number and weight of vehicles in motion. Schwarz (2021) emphasizes the need for continuous and precise monitoring of structural health to ensure the bridge's safe operation. A Digital Twin was developed for this purpose, allowing visualization and analysis of data from structural condition indicators. Wenner et al. (2022) define the objective of their work in portraying how the concept of Digital Twin can help collect and analyze different types of data, qualitative and quantitative, to improve the database to monitor the current situation of the structural health of a bridge and predict its future. He also develops a Digital Twin focused on monitoring the structural health of the bridge with the use of sensors to extract data that are classified from indicators through a complex evaluation process. The creation of the Digital Twin was divided into six stages, namely:

• Structural health monitoring as the primary source of information. • Consolidation of data for practical use. • Integration of data from traditional inspections with sensor-gathered information. • Employing the BIM system to establish the digital twin's framework. • Structure and technical data management. • Graphical user interface.

The digital twin's information, data interconnection, and temporal-spatial references for the Köhlbrandbrücke bridge required a multi-level Human Machine Interface (HMI) to cater to various user needs and support decision making. According to Wenner et al (2021), the HMI was designed to be intuitively usable despite the complexity of the data, allowing users to delve into detailed data when needed. The smartBRIDGE Hamburg pilot project's conditionCONTROL interface provides a 3D model-based overview of the asset's state, offering both exploratory and guided navigation modes. The expertCONTROL interface allows detailed data visualization, enabling users to track the development of computed data. The HMI serves as a single access point to the digital twin, enhancing its usability and acceptance among different user groups, thus revolutionizing bridge maintenance (WENNER et al, 2021). The graphical user interface of the Köhlbrandbrücke Bridge is presented in Figure 3.

Fig. 3. Digital Twin Graphical Interface (Wenner et al, 2021).

In this way, an amount of approximately 500 sensors were installed to collect data throughout the structure, in order to enable a record of the historical data of inspections and damage already observed in the structure, collect data on the influence of the passage of vehicles and wind on the vibration of the structure and overload, data obtained by the continuous monitoring of the structural health of the bridge (SCHWARZ, 2021). Also, according to Wenner et al. (2022), the use of the bridge was designed for 100 years, it was surveyed which parts of the structure most need monitoring, which types of sensors should be adopted and which analysis for data