PSI - Issue 64

Yago Cruz et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 64 (2024) 732–739 Yago Cruz / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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2.1. Experimental campaign

First of all, a laser scanning of the structure is performed, obtaining a point cloud of the structure, and at the same time an exhaustive visual inspection is carried out to search for defects. In addition, the location of the reinforcing bars is performed with the pachometer, the rebound index of the concrete that makes up the structure is obtained with the sclerometer, and finally an ultrasonic test is performed. The results obtained with the various control methods are collected and organized in data collection cards. These are then associated with the BIM model. 2.2. BIM model After processing the point cloud, the measurements taken in situ and the visual examination of the construction are used to create a 3D model of the structure with a BIM modeling software. In this same software, the materials corresponding to the structure are associated and each structural component is named in order to have a better accessibility to the different components and their associated information. After processing the data from the experimental campaign, a study of the structural health of the building is carried out and, if necessary, the required maintenance and conservation works are carried out. Once the model representing the studied construction is available, the association of the collected structural health information is carried out. The BIM model management software offers different possibilities to associate the different aspects analyzed with the control methods and visual examination (visible reinforcement, test points, deformations, reinforcement location, etc.). 3. Case of study The case study consists of a concrete staircase located at the School of Industrial Engineering of the University of Vigo, Spain. The structure is composed of two sections of stairs in opposite directions and separated by a wall. The wall has two cylindrical concrete columns at each end. The change of direction of the staircase is marked by a landing and the upper flight has another landing that reaches the height of the second floor of the building that gives access to the school. The first landing is a semicircle supported by a cantilevered concrete beam. The second landing (the highest) is formed by a quarter circle and a rectangle leading to the door of the building. A metal handrail runs along both sides of the staircase. The part anchored to the wall has no balusters and consists of a single handrail. The rest of the handrail is attached to the staircase with balusters and has one thicker banister, the upper one, and three thinner banisters, the lower ones. It consists of 22 treads, 11 in the lower level and another 11 in the upper level. The sidewalk at the base of the structure covers the first step of the lower section. The surfaces of the stairs, the upper surface of the wall and the landings have a granite slab with a thickness of 3 mm and an overhang of 2 mm. The concrete used in the construction of the beams, columns and slabs is type H-175, while the concrete used in the wall and foundations is type H-150. The steel used in the reinforcement of the beams, columns and slabs is of type AEH - 500 N, but the steel used in the reinforcement of the wall and foundations is of type AEH - 400 N. The material used in the construction of the handrail is hollow shaft wrought iron. To external characterization of the structure, several laser scans of the structure were performed. To internal characterization of the structure, a sclerometric test, a pachometer study and an ultrasonic test were performed. In addition to all these structural health monitoring methods, a significant photographic reportage of the structure's deficiencies was carried out along with a thorough visual inspection.