PSI - Issue 64

Annalisa Mele et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 64 (2024) 1295–1302 A. Mele et al./ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000

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shown in Fig. 5c-h in terms of number of infills of the first two floors that reach the i-th DS at every year, under the load pattern described in Section 4. From 2017 to 2019 the increase of base displacement does not cause a worsening in the damage condition of the infills about DSs (Fig. 5c and Fig. 5d). With respect to 2016, two infills of the second floor have reached DS1 in 2017 (previously one was compressed without damage and one was in tension). Up to 2020, the DS3 is not reached by any infill, as well as the DS4. In 2020 (Fig. 5e and Fig. 5f) one infill of the second floor increases from DS2 to DS3. Finally, in 2021 one infill of the first floor increases from DS0 to DS1 (Fig. 5g). The conditions in 2022 remain the same of those at 2021 (Fig. 5g and Fig. 5h). In general, it can be stated that the infills of the second floor are more subjected to damage than the infills of the first floor. The only infill reaching DS3 is an infill with an opening, at the second floor. No infill reaches DS4 up to 2022.

Fig. 5. Number of infills that have reached the i-th DS, divided by floor and year of evaluation: (a) and (b) 2016; (c) and (d) 2017 – 2018 – 2019; (e) and (f) 2020; (g) and (h) 2021 – 2022., (Miano et al., 2021). 5. Discussion In the previous work (Miano et al., 2021), a linear regression of the displacement data was performed, using the equation type y=ax+b . Following this way, a prevision of the expected displacement at 2022 has been done, and a comparison between the expected damage state of the infills at 2022, using the expected displacements (“EXP” condition, in the following), and the real damage state of the infills at 2022 (“REAL”, in the following), studied using the satellite data, has been done. Analyzing the lateral force-displacement state of all the infills, from the analytical model, it can be seen that, in the EXP case in 2022, the number of infills that have reached the i-th DS is almost identical to the REAL case. The only exception is given by one infill with an opening at the second floor, which is more compressed than the REAL case and reaches the DS1. However, looking at the single struts condition, some differences have been noticed: in some cases, there is an inversion of tension and compression in the two struts of the same infill; in other cases, there is a higher level of compression. The study has provided a multi-faceted view of the challenges posed by natural geological processes to human settlements. The employment of DInSAR in conjunction with in-situ survey has highlighted the subtle yet significant impact of a slow-moving landslide on the structural integrity of the building. The cumulative horizontal and vertical displacement components (Fig. 6), updated to 2022, confirm that the areas of Moio and Pellare are experiencing considerable ground movement. The research demonstrated that the landslide's slow kinematics, characterized primarily by horizontal movements, have had a pronounced effect on the building's foundation. The results of the interferometric analyses showed an increase over time of the horizontal displacement components until 2019, and then a decrease in rates until 2022. With regard to the vertical component, on the other hand, a decreasing trend was observed until 2020 and a substantial cancellation in the period 2020-2022.The confirmation of the presence of displacement rates in the horizontal direction, albeit slight, confirms the presence of an ongoing movement that could affect the stability of the building. The predominance of horizontal displacement over the vertical component is particularly telling, suggesting lateral spreading or shearing at the landslide's surface, which aligns with the geological understanding of the area. This has important implications