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Fadi Oudah et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 64 (2024) 1983–1989 Fadi Oudah/ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge the research team at structural assessment and retrofit research group (SAR) at Dalhousie University for their valuable contributions in advancing the state-of-the-art in performing and automating RFE analysis for structural applications including Adam Hassan, Koosha Khorramian, and Abdallah Alhashmi. The authors are also grateful for the support of Norlander Oudah Engineering Limited (NOEL) for sharing select projects related to the use of RFE in real-life consulting jobs as presented in Section 6. References ACI 214R. 2011. Guide to Evaluation of Strength Test Results of Concrete. American Concrete Institute. Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA. ASTM E122. 2017. Standard Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or Process. American Society for Testing and Materials. Bartlett, F. M., Hong, H. P., Zhou, W., 2003. Load Factor Calibration for the Proposed 2005 Edition of the National Building Code of Canada: Statistics of Loads and Load effects. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30 (2), 429-439. Beacher, G. B., Ingra, T. S. 1981. Stochastic FEM in Settlement Predictions. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division 107(4). Botte, W., Vereecken, E., Caspeele, R. 2023. Random Field Modeling of Spatial Variability in Concrete – A Review. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. In-Press. de Gast, T., van den Eijnden, A. P., Vardon, P. J., and Hicks, M. A. 2018. A Practical Case Study of Slope Stability Analysis using the Random Finite Element Method , “ Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering IX ” . Hariri-Ardebili, M.A., Seyed-Kolbadi, S.M., Saouma, V.E., Salamon, J., Rajagopalan, B. (2018). Random Finite Element Method for the Seismic Analysis of Gravity Dams. Engineering Structures 171, 405-420. Hassan, A., Oudah, F. 2024. RF-DYNA — Software for Optimized Random Finite Element Simulation using LS-DYNA. Advances in Engineering Software (under review). Hunter, M.D., Ferche, A.C., Vecchio, F.J. 2021. Stochastic Finite Element Analysis of Shear-Critical Concrete Structures. ACI Structural Journal. 118(3), 71-83. Khorramian, K., Alhashmi, A. Oudah, F. 2023a. Efficient Representation of Random Fields for Training the Kriging Predictor in Adaptive Kriging Reliability Assessment of Civil Structures, in “Automation in Construction toward Resilience” . In: Farsangi, E. N., Noori, M., Yang T., Lourenço, P., Gardoni, P., Takewaki, I., Chatzi, E., Li, S. (Ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 638. Khorramian, K., Alhashmi, A., Oudah, F. 2023b. Optimized active learning Kriging reliability based assessment of laterally loaded pile groups modeled using random finite element analysis. Computers and Geotechnics 154, 105135. Li, C., Der-Kiureghian, A. 1993. Optimal Discretization of Random Fields. ASCE-ASME Journal of Mechanical Engineering 119(6), 1136 – 1154. Nataf, A. 1962. Determination Des Distribution Dont les Marges Sont Donnees. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences 225, 42-43. Nowak, A. S., Szerszen, M. M. 2003. Calibration of Design Code for Buildings (ACI 318): Part 1 - Statistical Models for Resistance. ACI Structural Journal 100 (3), 377 – 382. Petrie, C., Oudah, F. 2021. Examining the Effect of Load Type and History using Reliability on Optimizing the Design of FRP Strengthened RC Members in Flexure. CSCE Annual Conference. Petrie, C. Oudah, F. 2023. Stochastic Finite Element Approach to Assess Reliability of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Strengthened Concrete Beams. ACI Structural Journal 120 (6), 193-204. Petrie, C. Oudah, F. 2024. Clustering-Based Active Learning Kriging Reliability of FRP Strengthened RC Beams with Random Finite Element to Model Spatial Variability. Journal of Composite for Construction. Under Review. Sudret, B., Der-Kiureghian, A. 2000. Stochastic Finite Elements and Reliability - A state-of-the-art report. Vanmarcke, E., Grigoriu, M. 1983. Stochastic Finite Element Analysis of Simple Beams. Journal of Engineering Mechanics 109(5), 1203-1214.