PSI - Issue 64

Stefano Belliazzi et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 64 (2024) 612–620 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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Table 1. Masin structural parameter and distribution. Parameter Masonry substrates μ

σ

Distribution

Poor stone

20.25

-

Constant

Tuff stone

19.25 15.52 17.60 14.32

- - - -

Constant Constant Constant Constant Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal

γ M [kN/m

3 ]

Hollow clay brick

Clay brick

Full clay brick

Poor stone

2.64

1.40

Tuff stone

2.92 3.02 2.82 2.48 4.50 4.16 4.07 3.75 3.50 3.10 3.40 3.22 4.70 3.50

1.33 3.45 1.17 0.70 2.20 3.27 2.21 1.29 1.10 0.92 1.10 1.11 3.60 1.13

Flat roof W c [kN/m 2 ]

Hollow clay brick

Clay brick

Full clay brick

Poor stone

Tuff stone

Generic W i [kN/m 2 ]

Hollow clay brick

Clay brick

Full clay brick

Poor stone

Tuff stone

h p [m]

Hollow clay brick

Clay brick

Full clay brick

In addition, other input data are considered for the generation of masonry buildings: • Length of load-bearing walls (consistent with code limits or common practices at the age of construction); • Position coefficient of the opening on internal walls η ( normalized, random between 0 and 1); • Height of the opening (random between 2.10 m and 2.50 m); • Load ratio of the cross-section of masonry wall in order to simulate the number of storeys (random between 10% and 30%); • Compressive strength coherently with code limits; • Shear strength (consistent with code limits). The structural models have been retrieved by a simulated design evaluated by several Monte Carlo analyses. The thickness of masonry walls is evaluated by empirical and analytical equation available in literature based on common practices at the age of construction and by historical Italian codes. The main studies were published between the mid-1800s and the early 1900s and the proposed equations are based on empirical observations. The main studies were conducted by Rondelet (1812), Curioni (1870), Breymann (1884), and Milani (1920). Main historical Italian codes are referred to the Ministerial Decree of 20/11/1987 (IBC87), Ministerial Decree n. 3274 of 20/03/2003 (O.P.C.M. 3274) and the New Technical Standards for Construction of 14/01/2008 (IBC08); in particular, the Ministerial Decree of 20/11/1987 contains the first important indications on the design of masonry wall.