PSI - Issue 64

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

ScienceDirect

Procedia Structural Integrity 64 (2024) 74–80

SMAR 2024 – 7th International Conference on Smart Monitoring, Assessment and Rehabilitation of Civil Structures Live Load Design Concepts for Building Materials with Time Dependent Properties André Weber* *Schoeck Bauteile GmbH, Schoeckstr. 1, 76534 Baden-Baden, Germany Abstract For all buildings and structures a sufficient safety standard is essential. In basic building codes like the EN 1990 failure probabilities are defined for different buildings members and applications. Materials as well as actions are characterized by safety factors to fulfil the failure probability requirements and to enable in this way a safe design. But materials with time dependent properties can complicate this process. In this paper different ways to handle variable loads in design are presented. GFRP materials have different resistances depending how long, and how often and at which temperature the different actions apply. For this reason it is important to define different categories for different actions and to check for the effect of these actions. Therefore a new model is proposed, which uses the known  factors to categorize actions according probability and resistance of the material. From these well known factors the k mod factors for the influence of time can be generated. All is based on a semi probabilistic safety concept. In addition different safety concepts for these materials are discussed regarding technical, economical and practical aspects. As examples the approaches from the EN 1992-1 Annex R, the approach from ACI 440 and CSA and the German approval abZ 1.6-238 are evaluated. A combined performance based approach for a higher economical efficiency with the same proven level of safety is presented at last. This is all shown with practical values and examples. © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SMAR 2024 Organizers © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SMAR 2024 Organizers

Keywords: GFRP rebar, live load, combination factor, safety concept, design, long term testing, time dependent property

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 7223 967 273; E-mail address: andre.weber@schoeck.com

2452-3216 © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SMAR 2024 Organizers

2452-3216 © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SMAR 2024 Organizers 10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.212