PSI - Issue 64

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Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000 ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ ŝƌĞĐƚ Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ ŝƌĞĐƚ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000

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Procedia Structural Integrity 64 (2024) 1649–1656 SMAR 2024 – 7th International Conference on Smart Monitoring, Assessment and Rehabilitation of Civil Structures Levee monitoring: DFOS Applications for understanding Levee Seepage Nicola Fabbian a *, Lorenzo Brezzi a , Paolo Simonini a , Fabio De Polo b , Luca Schenato c , Lang Xu a , Simonetta Cola a a University of Padua, DICEA, Via Marzolo 9, Padova, 35131,Italy b Southern mountain basins office director - Agency for Civil Protection Bolzano, Via Cesare Battisti 23, 39100 Bolzano, Italy. c University of Padua, Department Information Engineering, Via Gradenigo 6/b, 35131 Padua, Italy. Abstract Enhancing the understanding of the geotechnical features of existing levees through on-site examination and monitoring is essential to estimate their security and that of the adjacent environment. However, these tasks are difficult due to the extensive length of the levees and the significant variability of soil texture within their structure and foundation, particularly in mountainous areas or/and when paleo rivers are present. Traditional methods for levee monitoring involve visual inspections, borehole drilling, in-situ tests, and the deployment of devices like piezometers and tensiometers. Regrettably, these methods often grapple with limitations imposed by their constrained spatial resolution. The investigation here presented tries to overcome the limits of traditional techniques, specifically probing the application of distributed fiber optical sensors (DFOS) for gauging temperature variations. Under normal conditions, temperature changes in the soil are mainly influenced by seasonal heat transfer from the air. However, during flooding events, notable temperature fluctuations both in space and time can revealing preferred flow paths, due to the presence of more permeable soils or large voids related to undergoing internal erosion. Two case studies are here presented, both aimed to the monitoring of a segment of Adige River ’s embankment in the province of Bolzano (Italy). The pilot tests differ for the DFOS installation configurations. Since the river encountered a significant flood event in Autumn 2023, the gathered data serve a dual purpose: advancing the comprehension of the hydraulic dynamics and the safety conditions of this segment of levee, but also appraising the reliability and potential of these cutting-edge monitoring methodologies. © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SMAR 2024 Organizers SMAR 2024 – 7th International Conference on Smart Monitoring, Assessment and Rehabilitation of Civil Structures Levee monitoring: DFOS Applications for understanding Levee Seepage Nicola Fabbian a *, Lorenzo Brezzi a , Paolo Simonini a , Fabio De Polo b , Luca Schenato c , Lang Xu a , Simonetta Cola a a University of Padua, DICEA, Via Marzolo 9, Padova, 35131,Italy b Southern mountain basins office director - Agency for Civil Protection Bolzano, Via Cesare Battisti 23, 39100 Bolzano, Italy. c University of Padua, Department Information Engineering, Via Gradenigo 6/b, 35131 Padua, Italy. Abstract Enhancing the understanding of the geotechnical features of existing levees through on-site examination and monitoring is essential to estimate their security and that of the adjacent environment. However, these tasks are difficult due to the extensive length of the levees and the significant variability of soil texture within their structure and foundation, particularly in mountainous areas or/and when paleo rivers are present. Traditional methods for levee monitoring involve visual inspections, borehole drilling, in-situ tests, and the deployment of devices like piezometers and tensiometers. Regrettably, these methods often grapple with limitations imposed by their constrained spatial resolution. The investigation here presented tries to overcome the limits of traditional techniques, specifically probing the application of distributed fiber optical sensors (DFOS) for gauging temperature variations. Under normal conditions, temperature changes in the soil are mainly influenced by seasonal heat transfer from the air. However, during flooding events, notable temperature fluctuations both in space and time can revealing preferred flow paths, due to the presence of more permeable soils or large voids related to undergoing internal erosion. Two case studies are here presented, both aimed to the monitoring of a segment of Adige River ’s embankment in the province of Bolzano (Italy). The pilot tests differ for the DFOS installation configurations. Since the river encountered a significant flood event in Autumn 2023, the gathered data serve a dual purpose: advancing the comprehension of the hydraulic dynamics and the safety conditions of this segment of levee, but also appraising the reliability and potential of these cutting-edge monitoring methodologies. © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SMAR 2024 Organizers © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SMAR 2024 Organizers

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +39 3348043173; E-mail address: Nicola.fabbian@unipd.it

2452-3216 © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SMAR 2024 Organizers 2452-3216 © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of SMAR 2024 Organizers * Corresponding author. Tel.: +39 3348043173; E-mail address: Nicola.fabbian@unipd.it

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