PSI - Issue 64

Nicola Nisticò et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 64 (2024) 2238–2245 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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4. Conclusions Digital transformation is becoming increasingly crucial for various human activities, driving the need for efficient data acquisition and processing tailored to multipurpose objectives. A multiscale approach is essential for object digitization, where the degree of detail varies according to the scale of representation and visualization. This methodology is particularly important in fields such as image recognition, geometrical modeling, and mechanical modeling, spanning from nano- to micro- and meso-scales. In this context, Voronoi Diagrams and Delaunay Triangulation have emerged as versatile strategies for geometrical modeling. These methods are applicable in various domains, including the creation of elevation models for cultural heritage digitization and mechanical analyses. Specifically, they support three numerical methods: Discrete, Lattice, and Microplane, which have been reviewed for their applications to materials such as masonry, concrete, and fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs). When appropriately implemented, these methodologies can significantly enhance the development of Digital Twins, as introduced in Part I (Nisticò, 2024) and in the future could be further augmented by AI-based strategies that are expected to make substantial contributions to both geometrical modeling and material mechanical characterization. It can automate and optimize various aspects of these processes, leading to more accurate and efficient outcomes. References Amenta, N., Bern, M. (1999). Surface Reconstruction by Voronoi Filtering, Discrete Comput Geom 22:481–504 (1999) Aurenhammer, F. (1991). Voronoi Diagrams: A Survey of a Fundamental Geometric Data Structure, ACM Computing Surveys 23, 1991, pp. 345 405 Batdorf and Budianski (1949). A mathematical theory of plasticity based on the concept of slip. National advisory committee foe aeronautics. Technical note n. 1871. Washington 1949. Bažant, Z.P., 1984. Microplane model for strain -controlled inelastic behavior, Mechanics of engineering of materials, C.S. Desai and R. H. Gallagher, eds., John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., 45-59, 1984. Bažant, Z.P., Gambarova, P.G., 1984. Crack shear in concrete: crack band microplane model, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE 110 (1984), 2015-2035. Bažant, Z.P., Oh, B. H., 1985. Microplane model for progressive fracture of concrete and rock, J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 111(4) (1985), 559-582. Bažant, Z.P., Tabbara, M.Z., Kazemi, M.T., Pijaudier -Cabot, G., 1990. Random Particle Model for Fracture of Aggregate or Fiber Composites. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE 116(8) , 1686-1705. Bažant, Z.P., Xiang, Y., Prat, P.C., 1996a Microplane model for concrete I. Stress -strain boundaries and finite strain, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE 122(3) (1996a), 245-262. Bažant, Z.P., Xiang, Y., Adley, M., Prat, P.C., Akers, S., 1996b. Microplane model for concrete II. Data delocalization and v erification, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE 122(3) (1996b), 263-268. Bažant, Z.P., Prat, P. C., 1988. Microplane model for brittle-plastic material: parts I and II, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 114 (1988), 1672-1702. Bažant, Z.P., Ožbolt, J., 1990. Nonlocal microplane model for fracture, damage and size effect in structures, Journal of Eng ineering Mechanics, ASCE 116(11) (1990), 2485-2504. Carol, I. and Bažant, Z.P., 1995. New developments in microplane and multicrack models for concrete, Fracture Mechanics of C oncrete Structures, Edited by F.H. Wittman, Aedificatio Publishers, Vol.2 (1995), 841-855. Bolander, J. and Saito, S., 1998. Fracture Analyses Using Spring Networks with Random Geometry, Engineering Fracture Mechanics 61 (1998) 569-591. Bolander, J. and Sukumar, N., 2005. Irregular lattice model for quasistatic crack propagation, Physical review b 71, 094106 s2005d Bocciarelli, M.; Gambarelli, S.; Nistico', Nicola; Pisani, M. A.; Poggi, C. (1996) Shear failure of RC elements strengthened with steel profiles and CFRP wraps. Composites Pert B. Engineering. Cundall, P., 1971. A Computer Model for Simulating Progressive Large Scale Movements in Blocky Rocks Systems, Proc. Symp. Int. Soc. Rock Mech. Nancy. 2 (1971). Cundall, P., 1978. BALL - A Program to Model Granular Media Using the Distinct Element Media, Technical Note (1978). Cundall, P. and Strack, O., 1979. A Discrete Numerical Model for Granular Assemblies, Geotechnique 29 (1979) 47-65. Curtis and Woodcock,1987. The factor scale in remoting sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment 21:311-332 (1987) Cusatis, G., Bazant, Z. and Cedolin, L., 2003a. Confinement-Shear Lattice Model for Concrete Damage in Tension and Compression: I. THeory, Journal of Engineering Mechanics 129 (2003) 1439-1448. Cusatis, G., Bazant, Z. and Cedolin, L., 2003b. Confinement-Shear Lattice Model for Concrete Damage in Tension and Compression: II. Computation and Validation, Journal of Engineering Mechanics 129 (2003) 1449-1458. Delaunay, B. N. 1934. Sur la sphre vide, Bull. Acad. Science USSR VII : Class. Sci. Math., 793-800. Drăgut, L., Eisank, G., 2011 Object representations at multiple scales from digital elevation model Geomorphology, Volume 129 , Issues 3–4, 15 June 2011, Pages 183-189.