PSI - Issue 8

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 8 (2018) 573–593 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000

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www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia AIAS 2017 International Conference on Stress Analysis, AIAS 2017, 6-9 September 2017, Pisa, Italy Belted Safety Jacket: a new concept in Powered Two-Wheeler passive safety AIAS 2017 International Conference on Stress Analysis, AIAS 2017, 6-9 September 2017, Pisa, Italy Belted Safety Jacket: ew concept in Pow ed Two-Wheeler passive safety XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2017 International Conference on Stress Analysis A. Grassi * , D. Barbani, N. Baldanzini, R. Barbieri, M. Pierini Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy Abstract Powered Two Wheelers (PTWs) offer a viable solution to reduce traffic congestion and promote personal mobility. However, vehicle characteristics and conspicuity issues lead to an overrepresentation of PTWs in accident statistics. This work presents an innovative appro ch for concept desig of new pa sive safety devi es and th ir evelopment. The landscape of possible de ign solutions was examined with an in-depth analysis of the state of the art and with the use of conceptual design tools. Candidate solutions underwent a feasibility assessment and they were crossed-checked with the rider needs, identified via a specific on-line survey. The concept of a new passive safety device was born: a Belted Safety Jacket (BSJ). An initial assessment of the device effec tiveness for the reduction of riders’ injuries was performed by comparison of the main biomechanical indexes ( HIC , N ijmax , Chest Deflection and Viscous Criterion) in a relevant accident configuration, reproduced in a virtual environment, with and without the device. Later a full factorial Design of Experiment (DOE) was carried out to understand the influence of the device geometrical variables (i.e. possible design parameters) on the biomechanical indexes. The results demonstrated that the integration of BSJ onto th vehicle has t e potential to significantly reduce the occurrence of serious injuries during a PTW accident versus a car, since it prevents the contact of the rider with the opponent vehicle. The analysis of the accident kinematic with BSJ suggests that the device will be b neficial also in accidents with other vehicle types. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific C mmittee of AIAS 2017 Inter ational Conference on Stress Analysis. A. Grassi * , D. Barbani, N. Baldanzini, R. Barbieri, M. Pierini Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy Abstract Powered Two Wheelers (PTWs) offer a viable solution to reduce traffic congestion and promote personal mobility. However, vehicle characteristics and conspicuity issues lead to an overrepresentation of PTWs in accident statistics. This work presents an innovative approach for concept design of new passive safety devices and their development. The landscape of possible design solutions was examined with an in-depth analysis of the state of the art and with the use of conceptual design tools. Candidate solutions underwent a feasibility assessment and they were crossed-checked with the rider needs, identified via a specific on-line survey. The concept of a new passive safe y device was born: a Belted Safety Jacket (BSJ). An initi l assessm nt of the device effec tiveness for the reduction of riders’ injuries was performed by comparison of the main biomechanical indexes ( HIC , N ijmax , Chest Deflection and Viscous Criterion) in a releva t accident configuration, reproduced in a virtual environment, with and without the device. Later a full factorial Design of Experiment (DOE) was carried out to understand the influence of the device geometrical variables (i.e. possible design parameters) on the biomechanical indexes. The results demonstrated that the integration of BSJ onto the vehicle has the potential to significantly reduce the occurrence of serious injuries during a PTW accident versus a car, since it prevents the contact of the rider with the opponent vehicle. The analysis of the accident kinematic with BSJ suggests that the device will be beneficial also in accidents with other vehicle types. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2017 International Conference on Stress Analysis. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. A. Grassi Tel.: +39-055-275-8694. E-mail address: a.grassi@unifi.it

2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2017 International Conference on Stress Analysis.

* Corresponding author. A. Grassi Tel.: +39-055-275-8694. E-mail address: a.grassi@unifi.it

2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2017 International Conference on Stress Analysis.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216 Copyright  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2017 International Conference on Stress Analysis 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.12.057