PSI - Issue 8

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at www.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 P o edia Structural Int gr ty 8 8 3–13 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. AIAS 2017 International Conference on Stress Analysis, AIAS 2017, 6-9 September 2017, Pisa, Italy Sheets impact simulation for safety guards design: experiments and correlation for FE Explicit models of non-alloy steel L. Landi* ,a , D. Amici a , O. Alunni Boldrini a , E. Germani a a University of Perugia, Department of Engineering Via Duranti, 67, 06125, Perugia, Italy In the last few years, some international standards for the safety of machine tools have been developed improving the ballistic protection of safety guards. The uncontrolled projection of parts of work piece or tools can often cause very dangerous perforations of the safety guards. In such a way specific experime tal tests like the ones conducted in EU, have assured the possibility to write appendices of ISO standards for safety guards design of machine tools. These tests are based on impact between a particular standardized projectile, which exemplifies an impacting fragment of variable size and energy, and a flat plate placed in the trajectory of the projectile. The penetration or buckling of the target determines the non-suitability of a particular material of a given thickness, for the design and production of safety guards. However, these tests have following limitations: they are valid only for: a limited type of thickness and materials, a perpendicular impact with flat plates of about 500 mm x 500 mm and when the standardized penetrator is a cylinder with a prismatic head. Another limitation is based on design of real safety guards: difficulties in taking into account curved design of guards such as the ones typically used in the spindles of machine tools. Moreover, it is very difficult to take into account innovative materials different from the ones provided by the standards. It is also impossible to consider projected objects whose geometry is not regular, for example fragmented parts of tools, broken as a result of a wrong manoeuvre of the machine user. The focus of this paper is to give an overview of possible material models usable for FEM explicit virtual testing of safety guards. Correlation between experimental penetration of international standards and numerical tests will be presented as a proof of the possibility to implement reliable testing virtual procedures. It is possible to think of exploring the uncertainty of the standardized tests procedure due to, as an example, non-perpendicular impact of the projectile on the safety guard, using simulations. © 2017 The A thors. Published b Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2017 International Conference on Stress Analysis. AIAS 2017 International Conference on Stress Analysis, AIAS 2017, 6-9 September 2017, Pisa, Italy Sheets impact simulation for safety guards design: experiments and correlation for FE Explicit models of non-alloy steel L. Landi* ,a , D. Amici a , O. Alunni Boldrini a , E. Germani a a University of Perugia, Department of Engineering Via Duranti, 67, 06125, Perugia, Italy Abstract In the last few years, some international standards for the sa ety of machine tools have been devel p d improving the ballistic rotection of saf ty guards. The u controlled proj ction of parts of work piece or tools can often cause very dangerous erforat ons of th saf ty guards. In such a way specific experimental tests like the ones conducted in EU, have assured the pos ibility to write appendices of ISO standards for safety guards design of machine tools. These te ts are based on imp ct betwe n a particular st ndardized projectil , which xemplifies an impacti fragment of variable size a d energy, and a flat plate placed in the traj ctory of the p ojectile. The penetration or bucklin of the target determines the non- uitability f a particular material of a given thickness, for the design and production of safety guards. However, t ese tests have following li itations: they are valid only for: a limited type f thickness and material , perp ndicular impact with flat plates of ab ut 500 mm x 500 mm and when the standardized penetrator is a cylinder with a prismatic head. A other limitation is based on design of real safety guards: difficulties in taking into account curved design of guards such as the ones typically us d in the spindles of machine tools. Moreover, it is very difficult to take into account innovativ materials different f om the ones provided by the standards. It is also impossible to conside projected objects whose geometry is not regular, for example fragmented parts of tools, broken a a result of a wrong manoeuvre of the machine use . The focus of th s paper is to give an overview of possibl materi models usable for FEM explicit virtual tes ing of safety guards. Correlation betw en experim ntal penetration of international standards and numerical tests will be presented as a proof of the possibility to implement reliabl testing virtual procedures. It is possibl to think of exploring the uncertai ty of the standardized tests procedure due to, as an example, non-perpendicular impact of the projectile on the safety guard, using simulations. © 2017 The Autho s. Publ shed by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Sci ntific Com ittee of AIAS 2017 International Conference on Stress Analysis. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2017 International Conference on Stress Analysis Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Abstract

Keywords: safety guards; impact simulation; steel sheet impact; Keywords: safety guards; impact simulation; steel sheet impact;

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-075-585-3726 ; fax: +39-075-585-3703. E-mail address: luca.landi@unipg.it * Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-075-585-3726 ; fax: +39-075-585-3703. E-mail address: luca.landi@unipg.it

2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2017 International Conference on Stress Analysis. 2452 3216 © 2017 Th Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2017 International Conference on Stress Analysis.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216 Copyright  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of AIAS 2017 International Conference on Stress Analysis 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.12.002