PSI - Issue 8

F. Caputo et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 8 (2018) 297–308 Author n me / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 0 0 – 000

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Figure 1. Product development phases in a typical industrial environment.

As shown in Figure 1, Italian Low, during design phase, obliges companies to design workplaces according to technical standard indicated by machine directive and standards UNI EN 1005 – 1.2.3.4.5. While, during production phase, companies are obliged to assess risk according to technical standars in Table 1.

Table 1. Technical standards and related ergonomic factor analyzed. Technical standard Ergonomic Factor

EN 1005-4 ISO 11226 EN 1005-3 ISO 11228-2 EN 1005-2 ISO 11228-1/2 EN 1005-5 ISO 11228-3

Postures

Forces

Manual Handling of Loads

Upper Limbs

During engineering phase, the low doesn’t suggest risk assessment. Because of this reason, FCA developed Ergo UAS method for workstation design validation. Ergo-UAS is based on EAWS (European Assessment Work-Sheet) as first level screening for bio-mechanical overloads of full-body, according to technical standards in table, and on UAS (Universal Analyzing System), a typical example of MTM (Method-Time-Measurement) system which is used for the definition of times and methods of work, describing the sequence of operations of a specific work task, assigning a predetermined standard time. EAWS method is designed to evaluate all kind of risks described in Table 1, linking corrective and preventive ergonomics, pointing out the main problems and offering design solutions to overcome them. The EAWS checklist is composed by four section, each of which evaluates:

 working postures and movements with low additional physical effort;  action forces of the whole body or hand/finger system;  manual material handling;  repetitive loads of the upper limbs.