PSI - Issue 64

M. Esmaelian et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 64 (2024) 2091–2100 M. Esmaelian/ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2024) 000 – 000

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pressure on the top surface of the loading block. Finally, a cyclic lateral load is applied to the load block based on the loading protocol in Figure 4.

Figure 4 Loading protocol of the applied lateral drift ratio

4. Results and discussion 4.1. Validation of the finite element model

The numerical models are validated by comparing the results with the experimental results of Hewes and Priestley (Hewes & Priestley, 2002), focusing on the damage mode and force-displacement hysteretic curves. Figure 5 compares the hysteretic curves of JH1 with the corresponding numerical results. In general, reasonable agreements are observed between the experimental and numerical results in terms of peak forces and stiffness degradation at high drift ratios. Table 2 summarizes the peak forces, indicating a maximum error of 10.0% and 15.6% in the positive and negative directions, respectively. The negative direction exhibits higher error values due to the asymmetric hysteretic behavior of experimental results.

Figure 5 Comparison of experimental and numerical lateral load-displacement hysteretic response

Table 2 Comparison of experimental and numerical peak lateral forces at each drift ratio

Drift ratio (%)

Experimental (KN) Numerical (KN)

Error (%)

164.7

181.2

10.0

0.6

-156.2 186.7 -175.6 196.9 -185.3 206.1 -194.9 210.4 -199.4

-180.6 197.7 -199.9 207.7 -209.6 213.7 -214.8 210.4 -210.7

15.6

-0.6

5.9

0.9

13.8

-0.9

5.5

1.2

13.1

-1.2

3.7

1.6

10.2

-1.6

0.0 5.7

2

-2