PSI - Issue 5

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 P o edi Structural Integr ty 5 (2017) 55–62 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 2nd International Conference on Structural Integrity, ICSI 2017, 4-7 September 2017, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal Analysis of the environmental degradation effects on the cables of “La Arena” bridge (Spain) J.A. Álvarez a *, R. Lacalle a,b , B. Arroyo a , J. Sainz-Aja a , I. Sosa a , C. Alonso c a LADICIM, University of Cantabria, Av. Los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain b INESCO Ingenieros, CDTUC, Av. Los Castros, 44, 39005, Santander, Spain c Structural and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Cantabria, Av. Los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain After nearly 25 years of service, some of the wires of the tendons of “La Arena” bridge (Spain) started to exhibit the effects of environmental degradation processes. “La Arena” is cable -stayed bridge with 6 towers and a reference span between towers of about 100 meters. After a maintenance inspection of the bridge, evidences of corrosion were detected in some of the galvanized wires of the cables. A more in-deep analysis of these wires revealed that many of them exhibited loss of section due to the corrosion process. In order to clarify the causes of this degradation event and to suggest some remedial actions, an experimental program was designed. T is prog m consisted of tensile a d fatigue tests on some strand samples of the bridge together with fractographic analysis of the fracture s rfaces of the wires, its galvanized layer thickness and s me hydrogen measurements (hydrogen embrittlement could be another effect of the environmental degradation process).Once the type and extension of the flaws in the wires was characterized, a structural integrity assessm nt of the strands was performed with the aim of quantifying the margins until failure and establishing some maintenance recommendations. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017. Keywords: Cable-stayed bridge; environmental assisted degradation; corrosion; fatigue. 2nd International Conference on Structural Integrity, ICSI 2017, 4-7 September 2017, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal Analysis of the e vironmental degradation effects on the cables of “La Arena” bridge (Spain) J.A. Álvarez a *, R. Lacalle a,b , B. Arroyo a , J. Sainz-Aja a , I. Sosa a , C. Alonso c a LADICIM, University of Cantabria, Av. Los Ca tros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain b INESCO Inge ieros, CDTUC, Av. Lo Castros, 44, 39005, Santander, Spain c Structural and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Cantabria, Av. Los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain Abstract After early 25 years of service, some of the wires of the tendons of “La Arena” bridge (Sp in) started to exhibit the effect f environmental degradation proc sses. “La Arena” is cable -stayed bridge with 6 t wers and a refer nce span betwe n towers of about 100 meters. After a maintenance inspection of th bridge, evidences of corrosion wer detected in s me of the galvanized wires of the cables. A more in-deep analysi of these wires reve led that many of them exhibited loss of s ction due to the corrosion process. In order to clarify the causes of this d gradation eve t and to suggest some remedial actions, an exp riment l program was designed. This pro ram consisted of tensile and fatigue tests on s me strand sam le of the b i ge together with a fractographic analysis of the fracture surfaces of the wires, ts galv z d layer thickness and some hydrogen measu ements (hydrogen embrittlement could be another effect of the environ tal degradation process).Onc the type and extensio of the flaws in the wires was characterized, a structural integrity assess ent of the strands was performed with the aim of quantifying the margins until failure and establishing some maintenance recommendations. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017. © 2017 The Auth rs. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017 Abstract

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: Cable-stayed bridge; environmental assisted degradation; corrosion; fatigue.

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +34 942 201837 E-mail address: alvareja@unican.es * Correspon ing autho . Tel.: +34 942 201837 E-mail address: alvareja@unican.es

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216  2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.07.062 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452 3216 © 2017 Th Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017. 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ICSI 2017.