PSI - Issue 45

ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000 – 000 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

Procedia Structural Integrity 45 (2023) 109–116

© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Prof. Andrei Kotousov Abstract This study focuses on the design of a Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipeline (RTP), made of High-density polyethylene (HDPE) inner pipe, reinforced by glass fiber wrapping (GFRP), and inserted into an outer HDPE pipe, under internal pressure. GFRP wrappings with different stacking thickness and fiber orientations are investigated in the numerical design. Finite element analyses are validated based on available analytical solution of orthotropic cylinders under internal pressure and are used to predict the internal pressure capacity of the RTPs. Overall, from the parametric study, it is understood that (i) the pressure is mainly carried by the reinforcement layers and marginally by the inner HDPE, and (ii) GFRP with 45° orientation works more efficiently than those with 0/90°. At higher internal pressures, either the thickness of glass fiber should increase, or the fiber orientation should be changed from 0/90° to 45° to maintain the stress on glass fiber layers within allowable utilization ratios (UR). Assuming a consequence factor of 1.3 (UR of 77%) needs to be maintained, in a RTP with a DN80 HDPE inner pipe and at 45° orientation, GFRP with thickness of 1.1 mm is adequate to carry up to 8 MPa internal pressure. If a 90° orientation is used, the RTP can take up to 6 MPa with the same UR. The parametric study proposes required minimum thickness for RTPs of different fiber orientations and at internal pressures. This study prepares a design for future experimental studies as well as investigation into performance of RTPs under combined loadings. © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Prof. Andrei Kotousov Keywords: reinforced thermoplastic pipelines RTP; glass fibre reinforcement pipes GFRP, hydrogen; finite element analysis (FEA); optimum design. Email address: h.karampour@griffith.edu.au 1. Introduction Mohr et al. (2015) reported that the world is still experiencing the negative consequences originated from burning fossil fuels as more than 80% of the world energy comes from using fossil fuels which produces approximately 35 billion tons of CO2 annually. Therefore, replacing the massive amount of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources 2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Prof. Andrei Kotousov 17th Asia-Pacific Conference on Fracture and Strength and the 13th Conference on Structural Integrity and Failure (APCFS 2022 & SIF 2022) Design of reinforced thermoplastic pipelines for hydrogen transport Thi D. Le, Hassan Karampour*, Wayne Hall School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4215, Australia Abstract This study focuses on the design of a Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipeline (RTP), made of High-density polyethylene (HDPE) inner pipe, reinforced by glass fiber wrapping (GFRP), and inserted into an outer HDPE pipe, under internal pressure. GFRP wrappings with different stacking thickness and fiber orientations are investigated in the numerical design. Finite element analyses are validated based on available analytical solution of orthotropic cylinders under internal pressure and are used to predict the internal pressure capacity of the RTPs. Overall, from the parametric study, it is understood that (i) the pressure is mainly carried by the reinforcement layers and marginally by the inner HDPE, and (ii) GFRP with 45° orientation works more efficiently than those with 0/90°. At higher internal pressures, either the thickness of glass fiber should increase, or the fiber orientation should be changed from 0/90° to 45° to maintain the stress on glass fiber layers within allowable utilization ratios (UR). Assuming a consequence factor of 1.3 (UR of 77%) needs to be maintained, in a RTP with a DN80 HDPE inner pipe and at 45° orientation, GFRP with thickness of 1.1 mm is adequate to carry up to 8 MPa internal pressure. If a 90° orientation is used, the RTP can take up to 6 MPa with the same UR. The parametric study proposes required minimum thickness for RTPs of different fiber orientations and at internal pressures. This study prepares a design for future experimental studies as well as investigation into performance of RTPs under combined loadings. © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Prof. Andrei Kotousov Keywords: reinforced thermoplastic pipelines RTP; glass fibre reinforcement pipes GFRP, hydrogen; finite element analysis (FEA); optimum design. Email address: h.karampour@griffith.edu.au 1. Introduction Mohr et al. (2015) reported that the world is still experiencing the negative consequences originated from burning fossil fuels as more than 80% of the world energy comes from using fossil fuels which produces approximately 35 billion tons of CO2 annually. Therefore, replacing the massive amount of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources 2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Prof. Andrei Kotousov 17th Asia-Pacific Conference on Fracture and Strength and the 13th Conference on Structural Integrity and Failure (APCFS 2022 & SIF 2022) Design of reinforced thermoplastic pipelines for hydrogen transport Thi D. Le, Hassan Karampour*, Wayne Hall School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4215, Australia

2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Prof. Andrei Kotousov 10.1016/j.prostr.2023.05.003