PSI - Issue 37

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000 ScienceDirect

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ScienceDirect

Procedia Structural Integrity 37 (2022) 738–745

© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Pedro Miguel Guimaraes Pires Moreira © 2022 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Pedro Miguel Guimaraes Pires Moreira Abstract Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is the most popular additive manufacturing method, with which it is possible to obtain highly complex three-dimensional parts without wasting materials. In order to improve the mechanical properties of 3D printed materials, literature suggests the thermal annealing process. Therefore, this work aims to study the effect of thermal annealing on the bending properties of PETG and PETG reinforced with carbon and aramid fibres. For this purpose, the samples were printed using a B2X300 printer, with a hardened steel nozzle of 0.6 mm diameter, and the printing parameters were optimized for each material. Five specimens were tested according to ASTM D790-17 for each condition. Three temperatures (90ºC, 110ºC and 130ºC) and three annealing times (30 min, 240 min and 480 min) were used to study the benefits obtained with the thermal annealing. Finally, the samples were evaluated in terms of geometrical parameters, hardness, and flexural properties. Regardless of the materials studied, the best mechanical properties were obtained for the highest temperature and the longest exposure time, but due to the high geometric distortions, a temperature of 90 °C and an exposure of 30 minutes proved to be more effective. © 2022 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Pedro Miguel Guimaraes Pires Moreira ICSI 2021 The 4th International Conference on Structural Integrity Annealing effect on mechanical properties of 3D printed composites S. Valvez a , A.P. Silva a , P.N.B. Reis b , F. Berto c a C-MAST, Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal b Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal c Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway Abstract Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is the most popular additive manufacturing method, with which it is possible to obtain highly complex three-dimensional parts without wasting materials. In order to improve the mechanical properties of 3D printed materials, literature suggests the thermal annealing process. Therefore, this work aims to study the effect of thermal annealing on the bending properties of PETG and PETG reinforced with carbon and aramid fibres. For this purpose, the samples were printed using a B2X300 printer, with a hardened steel nozzle of 0.6 mm diameter, and the printing parameters were optimized for each material. Five specimens were tested according to ASTM D790-17 for each condition. Three temperatures (90ºC, 110ºC and 130ºC) and three annealing times (30 min, 240 min and 480 min) were used to study the benefits obtained with the thermal annealing. Finally, the samples were evaluated in terms of geometrical parameters, hardness, and flexural properties. Regardless of the materials studied, the best mechanical properties were obtained for the highest temperature and the longest exposure time, but due to the high geometric distortions, a temperature of 90 °C and an exposure of 30 minutes proved to be more effective. ICSI 2021 The 4th International Conference on Structural Integrity Annealing effect on mechanical properties of 3D printed composites S. Valvez a , A.P. Silva a , P.N.B. Reis b , F. Berto c a C-MAST, Dep rtment of Electromechanical Engin eri g, University of B ira Interior, C vilhã, Portugal b Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal c Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway 1. Introduction Additive manufacturing (AM) is a technique that produces parts, layer by layer, directly from CAD data. Different from the traditional methods, where material is removed to the desired geometry, additive manufacturing shapes a 3D model by adding material layer by layer. Printing parts with any geometry and complexity is achievable with less cost 1. Introduction Additive manufacturing (AM) is a technique that produces parts, layer by layer, directly from CAD data. Different from the traditional methods, where material is removed to the desired geometry, additive manufacturing shapes a 3D model by adding material layer by layer. Printing parts with any geometry and complexity is achievable with less cost Keywords: Fused filament fabrication; Mechanical properties; Thermal annealing. Keywords: Fused filament fabrication; Mechanical properties; Thermal annealing.

2452-3216 © 2022 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Pedro Miguel Guimaraes Pires Moreira 2452-3216 © 2022 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Pedro Miguel Guimaraes Pires Moreira

2452-3216 © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Pedro Miguel Guimaraes Pires Moreira 10.1016/j.prostr.2022.02.004