PSI - Issue 3

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 3 (2017) 253–26 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. ublishe by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/lice ses/by-nc-n /4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. XXIV Italian Group of Fracture Conference, 1-3 March 2017, Urbino, Italy New self-healing techniques for cement-based materials Luciana Restuccia a , Anna Reggio a , Giuseppe Andrea Ferro a *, Jean-Marc Tulliani b a DISEG-Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy b DISAT-Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy Abstract In recent years, researches concerning cement-based materials has been focused not only on the strength and the toughness but also on the durability. In fact, the interest on concrete’s self-healing process is increasing, due to the rapidly deterioration of that material which tends to crack and thus quickly deteriorate. In this paper, a new self-healing technology for cement-based materials is proposed. This technology is based on the encapsulation method of repairing agent inserted in randomly distr b ted shell inside the mater al during its preparat on. Two different kind f shells were used: glass spheres and pharmaceutical capsules. The material the shells are made of has to be endowed with a series of fundamental characteristics. That material has to be inert with respect to the repair agent so that it doesn’t react with it, resisting to the severe stress condition that the shells undergo during the mixing, and at the same time being capable of breaking down when the crack intercept them, having a good compatibility with the cement mixture. The results demonstrate that it is possible to use this kind of shell to encapsulate the repairing agent: the crack breaks them and they release the healing agent, which allows patching up the crack . © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. Keywords: innovative techniques; encapsulation; sodium silicate; self-healing; cement-based materials; 1. Introduction Concrete is the most used construction material on Earth but it is susceptible to crack formation due to its limited tensile strength. Moreover, damage repair tends to be difficult when cracks are not visible or not easily accessible. XXIV Italian Group of Fracture Conference, 1-3 March 2017, Urbino, Italy New self-healing techniques for cement-based materials Luciana Restuccia a , Anna Reggio a , Giuseppe Andrea Ferro a *, Jean-Marc Tulliani b DISEG-P lite ic di T ri , .s ca li r zzi , ri 1 1 , It l b DISAT-Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy Abstract In rec nt years, researches concerning cement-ba ed mat rials has b en focus d not only on the strength and the t ughness but also on the durability. In fact, the interest on concrete’s self-healing process is increasing, due to the rapidly deterioration of that material which tends to crack and thus quickly deteriorate. In this pape , a new self-healing ch olo y for cement-based materials is proposed. This technology is based on the encapsulation method of repairin gent ins rted in r ndomly distributed hell insid the materia du ing its prep ra ion. Tw different kind of shells were used: glass sphere and ph rmaceutical capsules. T e mat rial t e shells re made of has t be endowed w h a er es of fundam ntal character stics. That mat rial has to be inert with respect to the repair agent so that it doesn’t react with it, resisting to the severe str ss condition that the shells undergo during t mixing, and at the same time being capable of breaking down when the crack intercept them, having a g od compatibility w th the cement mixture. T e result demonstrate that it is possible to use this kind of shell to encapsulate the repairing agent: the crack breaks them and they release the healing agent, which allows patching up the crack . © 2017 The Authors. Published by Els vier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. Keywords: innovative techniques; encapsulation; sodium silicate; self-healing; cement-based materials; 1. Introduction Co cr te is the most used construction material n Earth b it is susceptibl t crack formation due to it l mited tensile strength. Moreover, damage repair tends to be difficult when cracks are not visible or not easily accessible. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +39 0110904885; E-mail address: ferro@polito.it * Correspon ing author. Tel.: +39 0110904885; E-mail address: ferro@polito.it

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsev er B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.04.016