PSI - Issue 3

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. Copyright © 2017 The Auth rs. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access articl u der the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. XXIV Italian Group of Fracture Conference, 1-3 March 2017, Urbino, Italy Additively Manufactured PLA under static loading: strength/cracking behaviour vs. deposition angle A. A. Ahmed a , L. Susmel a, * a Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, the University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK Abstract This paper aims to assess the existing interactions between strength/fracture behaviour and infill angle in additively manufactured PLA subjected to static loading. Plain specimens and samples containing crack-like notches of 3D-printed PLA were manufactured horizontally by making the deposition angle vary from 0  to 90  . A direct inspection of the fracture surfaces revealed that, irrespective of the infill orientation, static failures were caused by two mechanisms, i.e.: (i) initial shear-stress-governed de-bonding between adjacent filaments and subsequent normal-stress-governed breakage of the filaments themselves. The results being generated demonstrate that, from an engineering point of view, the influence of the deposition angle on the overall strength/fracture resistance of additively manufactured PLA ca be neglected wi h little loss of accuracy. The profile of the stress vs. strain curves being obtained experimentally sugg sts also that the mechanical beh viour of the 3D-printed PLA being investigated can be modelled accurately without requiring the use of complex non-linear material models, with this resulting in a great simplification of the design problem. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. Keywords: Additive Manufacturing, PLA, deposition angle, static loading, strength, fracture resistance 1. Introduction Additive Manufacturing (AM) allows objects from three-dimensional numerical models to be fabricated by joining mat rials layer upon layer. Therefore, AM is an “additive” process that perm ts components having complex shape to XXIV Italian Group of Fracture Conference, 1-3 March 2017, Urbino, Italy Additively Manufactured PLA under static loading: strength/cracking behaviour vs. deposition angle A. A. Ahmed a , L. Susmel a, * a Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, the University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK Abstract This paper aims to assess the existing interactions between strength/fracture behaviour and infill angle in additively manufactured PLA subjected to st tic loading. Plain specimens and samples containing c ack-like notches of 3D-printed PLA w re horizontally by mak ng the depos tion angl v ry fro 0  t 90  . A direct nspec ion of the f ac ure surfac s revealed that, irrespec ive of the inf ll orientation, static fai ures were caused by two mechanisms, i. .: (i) initial she r-st s -gov rned d -bonding betwe n adjacent filaments nd subsequent normal-stre s-governed bre kage of the filaments thems lves. The results be g nera ed emo strate that, from an engin ering point of view, th influence of the deposit on a gle on the o rall strength/fracture r sist nce of additively manufactured PLA ca be neglect d with litt e loss accuracy. The profile of the stress vs. strain curves b ing obtain exp rime tally s ggests lso that the echa ca b haviour of he 3D-pri ted PLA bein inv stigated an be modelled accurately without requiring he use of complex n -linear material models, with this resulting a great simplification of the design pr blem. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under respons bility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. Keywords: Additive Manufacturing, PLA, deposition angle, static loading, strength, fracture resistance 1. Introduction Additiv Manufacturi g (AM) allows obje ts fro three-dimensional numerical models to be fabricated by joining materials layer upon layer. Therefore, AM is an “additive” proc ss that per its omp n nts having complex shape to © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review und r responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44-(0)114-2225073; fax: +44-(0)114-2225700. E-mail address: l.susmel@sheffield.ac.uk * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44-(0)114-2225073; fax: +44-(0)114-2225700. E-mail address: l.susmel@sheffield.ac.uk

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IGF Ex-Co. 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.04.060