PSI - Issue 27

Aditya Rio Prabowo et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 27 (2020) 171–178 Prabowo et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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7. Review on analysis results The region and location of the target contributed to the energy in the event of a collision. Even though the distance of target points was not far different from each other, the collision energy showed in both the fore-end and middle region, the difference at the end of the collision process or deepest penetration. Both of the regions showed that the penetration from zero until 1 meter produced similar characteristics. However, after the 1-meter displacement of the striking vessel, the gap occurred between proposed cases. The structure pattern on side structure can be considered to hold a vital role in this phenomenon. In terms of material class, a remarkable difference happened between low-carbon steel and medium-carbon steel. The contribution of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength proved the superiority between these material classes. Nevertheless, the results from alloy steel, which has the yield and ultimate tensile strengths higher than low-carbon steel, showed lower than low-carbon steel. This phenomenon indicates that in certain level differences of yield strength, other material properties will contribute to energy calculation. 8. Concluding remarks The paper presented a study on several collision cases based on involved parameters in a collision that aimed to review the energy dissipation on ship collision accounting the influence of several parameters. The investigation was successfully carried out by the finite element method. The calculation result in terms of damage was well compared with real accident damage, while collision energy from FE analysis produced a good correlation with the empirical method. The influence of region and location of target points contributed significantly to energy dissipation. The difference in structure pattern on the side hull, as well as the shape of the striking vessel bow, were predicted to make the energy dissipation different even though the location between the two target points was below 1.5 meters. Based on the results, the structure pattern on the ship has a proportional correlation with the location of the target point. On the other hand, material properties were expected to influence the energy in the collision process. However, the yield and ultimate tensile strengths hold a vital role if the condition of location cases were the same. References Bae, D.M., Prabowo, A.R., Cao, B., Sohn, J.M., Zakki, A.F., Wang, Q., 2016. Numerical simulation for the collision between side structure and level ice in event of side impact scenario. Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures 13, 2991-3004. Calle, M.A.G., Oshiro, R.E., Alves, M., 2017. Ship collision and grounding: Scaled experiments and numerical analysis. International Journal of Impact Engineering 103, 195-210. Gao, Y., Hum Z., Ringsberg, J.W., Wang, J., 2015. An elastic – plastic ice material model for ship-iceberg collision simulations. Ocean Engineering 102, 27-39. Haris, S. and Amdahl, J., 2013. Analysis of ship – ship collision damage accounting for bow and side deformation interaction. Marine Structures 32, 18-48. Khan, B., Khan, F., Veitch, B., 2020. A Dynamic Bayesian Network model for ship-ice collision risk in the Arctic waters. Safety Science 130, 104858. Kitamura, O., 2002. FEM approach to the simulation of collision and grounding damage. Marine Structures 15, 403-428. Lehmann, E., Peschmann, J., 2002. Energy absorption by the steel structure of ships in the event of collisions. Marine Structures 15, 429-441. Lützen, M., 2001. Ship collision damage. PhD Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark. Ma, K.Y., Kim, J.H., Pak, J.S., Lee, J.M., Seo, J.K., 2020. A study on collision strength assessment of a jack-up rig with attendant vessel. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering 12, 241-257. Ozguc, O., Das, P.K., Barltrop, N., 2005. A comparative study on the structural integrity of single and double skin bulk carriers under collision damage. Marine Structures 18, 511-547. Pedersen, P.T. and Zhang, S., 2000. Effect of ship structure and size on grounding and collision damage distributions. Ocean Engineering 27, 1161 1179. Prabowo, A.R., Bae, D.M., Cho, J.H., Sohn, J.M., 2017. Analysis of structural crashworthiness and estimating safety limit accounting for ship collisions on strait territory. Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures 14, 1594-1613. Prabowo, A.R., Mutaqie, T., Sohn, J.M., Bae, D.M., Setiyawan, A., 2018. On the failure behaviour to striking bow penetration of impacted marine steel structures. Curved and Layered Structures 5, 68-79. Zhang, S., Villavicencio, R., Zhu, L., Pedersen, P.T., 2019. Ship collision damage assessment and validation with experiments and numerical simulations. Marine Structures 63, 239-256.