PSI - Issue 27

Bernardus Plasenta Previo Caesar et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 27 (2020) 117–124 Caesar et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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1. Introduction 1.1. Identification of need

Engineering design is the iterative decision-making process of contriving a system, component to meet desired needs with basic science, mathematics, and engineering consideration (Shigley, 2011). One of the critical processes of engineering design is material testing (Haasen and Cahn, 1996). Hardness is the material resistance of penetration by a pointed tool (Haasen and Cahn, 1996). Conventional hardness testing provides a convenient and non-destructive test that does not inflict damage on the strength properties of materials (Shigley's, 2011; Haasen and Cahn, 1996). The development of the new era Industry establishes modified tools of hardness testing to satisfy the product demands. Most industries deploy manual tools to become an automatic machine, so do the manual hardness tester. Mitutoyo hardness tester HR-522 is the Rockwell hardness tests of ASTM standard hardness method E-18 and one of the models of the manual instrument of hardness tester (Wilson, 2010; ASTM Int., 2019). It has a single testing capacity; therefore, it forces industries to provide more devices to comply with the hardness testing efficiency. The sample of hardness testing in the industry, e.g., Akebono Brake Astra Indonesia Quality Control's Department, is approximately 10% of the massive production of a day. Therefore, the cycle time of manual instrument usage is increasing due to the bottleneck problem. The other issue of manual instrument usage is a wide workspace area and high maintenance duty. Akebono Brake Astra Indonesia applies six manual instruments to occupy extensive product testing in a day. 1.2. Aluminum profile Satisfying the purpose of engineering design is to reduce the weight, reduce the volume, and easy to use (Choi, 2016). The aluminum profile is one of the products of the engineering design. It provides the simple aluminum frame for mechanical devices due to the various dimension, various shapes (square, rectangular. oval), and easy to connect (Choi, 2016; Misumi 2019). Various series is defined as the distinct profile shape, sectional area, and aluminum series. Misumi aluminum frame has different series, i.e., economy type, standard type, lightweight type, and high rigidity type (Misumi, 2019). The Misumi aluminum frame is shown in Fig. 1.

a

d

b

c

Cross-sectional area (mm 2 ) = 713

Cross-sectional area (mm 2 ) = 1171

Cross-sectional area (mm 2 ) = 713

Cross-sectional area (mm 2 ) = 777

Fig. 1. (a) Economy type, (b) High-rigidity type, (c) Lightweight type, and (d) Standard type.

1.3. Static simulation of finite element method The finite element method (FEM) is a numerical method to solving problems of engineering design by subdivides a large part into smaller, which is implemented by the construction of a mesh of the object (Hong, 2016). Finite element method on the static simulation closely related to the state of stress and beam theory application, which subdivides the part of beam theory to calculate the stress and strain of the beam (Beer, 2012). Analysis types that are possibly solved by the method are divided into two depends on elapsed time, i.e., static and dynamic. FEM is described as static to meet the condition where yield strength of the material is more significant than generated stress (s vm ≤ s yield ), as an effect for exposing external load in object or model. Therefore, if the visual displays of analysis consist