PSI - Issue 2_B

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Struc ural Integrity 2 (2016) 2841–2848 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy New iterative method to obtain the softening curve in concrete. F.J. Gómez a *, M.A. Martín-Rengel b , J. Ruiz-Hervias b , A.M. Fathy b,c and F. Berto d a Advanced Material Simulation, S.L. Asturias 3. Bilbao 48015, Spain. b Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales. UPM. c/Profesor Aranguren s/n Madrid 28040. Spain. c Structural Engineering Departement, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. d Dipartimento di Tecnica e Gestione dei Sistemi Industriali. University of Padova, Vicenza, Italy. Abstract An original procedure to determine the softening curve in concrete has been proposed by the authors. This inverse method combines experimental results, finite element simulations and an iterative algorithm to adjust the experimental data. The end product of the process is a softening curve that allows us to very accurately reproduce the experimental curves. The proposed method calculates the fracture energy from the cohesive softening curve model, which in turn is iteratively determined by adjusting experimental load-displacement data of three-point bending tests. The procedure has been successfully applied to two conventional concretes. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: Cohesive zone model, softening curve, concrete, fiber reinforced concrete 1. Introduction The ohesive zone model is one of the most extended techniques to simulate the entire fracture process in concrete. It was initially introduced in the 60’s by Dugdale (Dugdale 1960) and Barenblatt (Barenblatt 1962), to explain the stress singularity at the tip of a crack, and a decade later was developed and generalized by Hillerborg (Hilleborg et al 1976). The model has been successfully applied to describe the fracture of quasi-brittle materials (Guinea et al 1994, Bazant and Planas 1998, Elices et al 2002, Planas et al 1999, 2003, 2005 and 2006), ceramics, polymers and even metals (Gómez et al 2012). 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy New iterative method to obtain the softening curve in concrete. F.J. Gómez a *, M.A. Martín-Rengel b , J. Ruiz-Hervias b , A.M. Fathy b,c and F. Berto d a Advanced Material Simulation, S.L. Asturias 3. Bilbao 48015, Spain. b Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales. UPM. c/Profesor Aranguren s/n Madrid 28040. Spain. c Structural Engineering Departeme t, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. d Dipartimento di Tecnica e Gestione dei Sistemi Industriali. University of Padova, Vicenza, Italy. Abstract An original procedure to determine the softening curve in concrete has been proposed by the authors. This inverse method combines ex erimental resul s, finite element simulations and an i rative algorithm to adjust the experimental data. Th en product of the process is a softening curve that allows u to very accurat ly reproduce the experimental curves. The propose method calculates the fracture energy from the c he ive soft ning curv model, whic in turn is i eratively determined by adjusting experimental lo d-displacement data of thre -point be ding tests. The procedure has been successfu l applied to two conventional concretes. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under espons bility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: Cohesive zone model, softening curve, concrete, fiber reinforc d concrete 1. Introduction The cohesive zone model is one of the most extended techniques to simulate the entire fracture process in concr te. It was init ally introduced in the 60’s y Dug ale (Dugdal 1960) nd Barenbla t (Barenblatt 1962), to explain the stre s s ngularity at th tip of a crack, and a ecade later was developed and generaliz d by Hillerborg (Hi leborg et al 1976). The model has been su cessfully appli d o describ the fracture of quasi-brittle materials Guinea et al 1994, Bazant and Plana 1998, Eli et al 2002, Planas et al 1999, 2003, 2005 and 2006), ceram cs, polym rs and even metals (Gómez et al 2012). Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +034 944474628. E-mail address: javier.gomez@amsimulation.com * Corresponding author. Tel.: +034 944474628. E-mail address: javier.gomez@amsimulation.com

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.355