PSI - Issue 2_B

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at www.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Struc ural Integrity 2 (2016) 1821–1828 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Sci nceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Material characteristics at 3D-mixed-mode-loadings Rich rd H. A. a *, E erlein A. a a Institue of Applied Mechanics, University of Paderborn, Pohlweg 47-49, 33098 Paderborn, Germany Cracks in structures often grow due to local multiaxial loading situation. Saving structure’s reliability requires fracture m echanical criteria, which were validated by experimental investigations. This article presents 3D-mixed-mode criteria for cyclic loadings, which will be compared with experimental determined threshold values under 3D-mixed-mode-loadings for different materials as well as crack kinking and twisting angles. Using specially developed specimens and loading devices the experiments are performed for pure mode I-loading, pure mode II-loading, pure mode III-loading and 2D- as well as 3D-mixed-mode-loading combinations. The comparison of mixed-mode threshold values, resulting from fatigue experiments, with 3D-criterion by Richard reveals a widely validity and a generally conservative behaviour of the criterion by Richard. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: 3D-mixed-mode criteria; CTSR-specimen; fatigue crack growth; threshold values 1. Introduction Cracks often are subjected to spatial mixed-mode-loadings. Therefor different reasons exist. While manufacturing process of structures and parts cracks, which in general are orientated arbitrarily to the loading direction, can already exist. Changing the loading direction during the operation can equally cause a mixed-mode-loading situation at the crack front, Richard et al. (2003 a, b). It is imperatively required to predict the crack growth at 3D-mixed-mode-loading as effective as possible. Very important for that is the determination of characteristic fracture mechanical values, which allow to make a prediction for stable as well as unstable crack growth and, of course, the effect of mixed-mode-loading on the crack growth rate. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Material characteristics at 3D-mixed-mode-loadings Richard H. A. a *, Eberlein A. a a Institue of Applied Mechanics, University of Paderborn, Pohlweg 47-49, 33098 Paderborn, Germany Abstract Cracks in structures often grow due to local multiaxial loading situation. Saving structure’s reliability requires fracture m echanical criteria, which were validated by experimental investigations. This article presents 3D-mixed-mode criteria for cyclic loadings, which will be compared with experimental determined threshold values under 3D-mixed-mode-loadings for different materials as well as crack kinking and twisting angles. Using specially developed specimens and loading devices the experiments are performed for pure mode I-loading, pure mode II-loading, pure mode III-loading and 2D- as well as 3D-mixed-mode-loading combinations. The comparison of mixed-mode threshold values, resulting from fatigue experiments, with 3D-criterion by Richard reveals a widely validity and a generally conservative behaviour of the criterion by Richard. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: 3D-mixed-mode criteria; CTSR-specimen; fatigue crack growth; threshold values 1. Introduction Cracks often are subjected to spatial mixed-mode-l adings. Therefor different reasons exist. While manufacturing process of s ructures and parts cracks, which in general ar ori t ted arbitrarily to the loading direction, can already exist. Changing the loading direction during the operation can equally cause a mixed-mode-loading situation at the crack front, Richard et al. (2003 a, b). It is impe atively required to predict the crack growth at 3D-mixed-mode-loading as effectiv as possible. Ver important for that is the determinatio of characteristic fracture mechani l values, which allow to make prediction for stable as well as unstable crack growth and, of course, the effect of mixed-mode-loading on the crack growth rate. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- c-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Abstract

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-5251-60-5324; fax: +49-5251-60-5322. E-mail address: richard@fam.upb.de

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt * Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-5251-60-5324; fax: +49-5251-60-5322. E-mail address: richard@fam.upb.de 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.229 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21.