PSI - Issue 2_A

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at www.sciencedire t.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 2 (2016) 19 –196 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy An investigation of cutting resistance in stretched polym r films T. M. Millar a *, Y. Patel a , H. Wa g b , L. Chan b , D. S. Balint a , J. G. Williams a,b a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ b Aero, Mechanical and Mechatronics Eng Department, University of Sydney, Australia Abstract An investigation is made into the fracture properties of polymer films and laminates under cutting by a sharp tool and lateral tension under pure shear onditions. The method involves use of a sharp razor blade applied to the crack tip of polymer films which are also stretched orthogonal to the direction of the blade. The reaction force is measured as the cutting tool cuts the material and the force from applying a lateral strain is measured. The analysis and tests assume quasi-static conditions. The method is applied to a polyester film and three polyester laminates. Steady-state cutting forces are observed from cutting tests and loads at crack initiation are observed from lateral stretching tests. With fracture mechanics analysis the energy contributions from cutting and tearing are used to det rmine appar nt fracture pro erties from the experimental results. It is observed that the cutting and tearing tests yield similar fr cture toughness properties for th three tested polyester laminates, despite the different rack tip geometry at the point f cr ck growth. However, significantly larger f ac ure toughness valu s are measured from tearing tests versus cutting tests for the tested polyester film. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: cutting; polymer; film; fracture. 1. Introduction The use of cutting tests can be an effective alternative for when standard fracture toughness tests cannot be used. A common way to measure fracture toughness of polymers is by critical G or K testing, which have established 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy An investigation of cutting resistance in stretched polymer films T. M. Millar a *, Y. Patel a , H. Wang b , L. Chang b , D. S. Balint a , J. G. Williams a,b a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ b Aero, Mechanical and Mechatronics Eng Department, University of Sydney, Australia Abstract An investigation is made into the fracture properties of polymer films and laminates under cutting by a sharp tool and lateral tension under pure shear condi ions. Th m th d involves use of a sharp razor blade applied to the crack tip of polymer films which are also stretched o thogonal to th di ection of the bl . The eaction force is measured as the cutting tool cuts the material and t e force from applying a la eral strain is m asured. The analysis and tests assum q asi-static onditions. The method is applied to olyester film and three polyester laminates. Steady-state cutting forces are observed from cutting tests and loads at crack initiation are observed from lateral stretching tests. With fractur mechanics analysis the nergy contribu ions from cutti g and t aring are used to determ e apparent fracture properties from the experim tal results. It is obse ved tha the cutting a d tearing tes s yield s mil r fracture to ghness properties for t e three tested polyester laminates, despite the different crack tip geometry at the p int of crack growth. However, significan ly larger fracture toughnes values re m asured from tearing tests versu cu ting ests for the tested polyester lm. © 2016 The Authors. P blished by Elsevi r B.V. Peer-review under esponsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywo ds: cutting; polymer; film; fracture. 1. Introduction The use of cutting tests can be an effective alternative for when standard fracture toughness tests cannot be used. A common way o mea ure fracture toughn ss of polymers is by critical G or K esting, which have established Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +44-203-608-2662. E-mail address: tino.millar@imperial.ac.uk * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44-203-608-2662. E-mail address: tino.millar@imperial.ac.uk

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.025