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ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com cienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Struc ural Integrity 2 (2016) 2439–2446 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Structural Integrity Procedia 0 (2016) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000 t t l t it i 0

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2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.305 ∗ Corresponding author ∗∗ Principal corresponding author. Tel.: + 44 2076793835 E-mail address: h.mahgerefteh@ucl.ac.uk (H. Mahgerefteh), reza.hojjatitalemi@arcelormittal.com (R.H. Talemi) 2452-3216 c 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Trans ort of CO 2 in dense-phase presents a high potential for auto-refrigeration due to depressurizati n, either during operations or due to pipeline failure. In general, dynamic brittle fractures are not of concern for modern gas transmission pipelines, as discussed by Andrews et al. (2010). It has recently been suggested by Mahgerefteh et al. (2006) for dense-phase CO 2 that the unusually high Joule-Thomson coe ffi cient of CO 2 may induce low temperatures ∗ Corresponding author ∗∗ Principal corresponding author. Tel.: + 44 2076793835 E-mail address: h.mahgerefteh@ucl.ac.uk (H. Mahgerefteh), reza.hojjatitalemi@arcelormittal.com (R.H. Talemi) 2452-3216 c 2016 The Authors. Publi hed by Elsevier B.V. Pe r-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. t ( i t i i l co i t . l.: 7 il . t l. . . t , . jj tit lemi@arcelormittal.com (R.H. Talemi) 2452-3216 c 2016 t . li l i . . Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Assessment of brittle fractures in CO 2 transportation pipelines: A hybrid fluid-structure interaction model Reza H. Talemi a, ∗ , Solomon Brown b,c , Sergey Martynov b , Haroun Mahgerefteh b, ∗∗ a ArcelorMittal Global R & D Gent-OCAS N.V., Pres. J.F. Kennedylaan 3, 9060 Zelzate, Belgium b Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K. c Present address: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of She ffi eld, S1 3JD, UK Abstract In order to transport dense-phase CO 2 captured from power and industrial emission sources in the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) chain, pressurised ste l pipelines ar considered the most practical tool. However, concerns have been raised that low temperatures induced by the expansion of dense-phase CO 2 , for example following an accidental puncture or during emergency depressurization, may result in a propagating brittle fracture in the pipeline steels. The present study describes the development of a hybrid fluid-structure model for simulating dynamic brittle fracture in buried pressurised CO 2 pipelines. To simulate the state of the flow in the rupturing pipeline, a compressible one-dimensional Computa tional Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is applied, where the pertinent fluid properties are determined using a thermodynamic model. In terms of the fracture model, an eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is used to model the dynamic brittle fracture behaviour of the pipeline steel. Using the coupled fluid-structure model, a study is performed to evaluate the risk of brittle fracture propagation in a (real scale) 1.22m diameter API X70 steel pipeline, containing CO 2 at 0 ◦ C and 11MPa. The simulated results are found to be in good agreement with the predictions obtained using a semi-empirical model accounting for the pipeline fracture toughness. From the results obtained it is observed that a propagating fracture is limited to a short distance. As such, for the conditions tested, there is no risk of brittle fracture propagation for API X70 pipeline steel transporting dense-phase CO 2 . c 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: CO 2 pipeline; Brittle fracture; Crack propagation; XFEM, CFD. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Assessm nt of brittle fractures in CO 2 transportation pipelines: A hybrid fluid-structure interaction model Reza H. Talemi a, ∗ , Solomon Brown b,c , Se gey Mart nov b , Haroun Mahgerefteh b, ∗∗ a ArcelorMittal Global R & D Gent-OCAS N.V., Pres. J.F. Kennedylaan 3, 9060 Zelzate, Belgium b Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K. c Present address: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of She ffi eld, S1 3JD, UK Abstract In order to transport dense-phase CO 2 captured from power and industrial emission sources in the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) chain, pressurised steel pipelines are considered the most practical tool. However, concerns have been raised that low temperatures induced by the expansion of dense-phase CO 2 , for example following an accidental puncture or during emergency depressurization, may result in a propagating brittle fracture in the pipeline steels. The present study describes the development of a hybrid fluid-structure model for simulating dynamic brittle fracture in buried pressurised CO 2 pipelines. To simulate the state of the flow in the rupturing pipeline, a compressible one-dimensional Computa tional Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is applied, where the pertinent fluid properties are determined using a thermodynamic model. In terms of the fracture model, an eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is used to model the dynamic brittle fracture behaviour of the pipeline steel. Using the coupled fluid-structure model, a study is performed to evaluate the risk of brittle fracture propagation in a (real scale) 1.22m diameter API X70 steel pipeline, containing CO 2 at 0 ◦ C and 11MPa. The simulated results are found to be in good agreement with the predictions obtained using a semi-empirical model accounting for the pipeline fracture toughness. From the results obtained it is observed that a propagating fracture is limited to a short distance. As such, for the conditions tested, there is no risk of brittle fracture propagation for API X70 pipeline steel transporting dense-phase CO 2 . c 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: CO 2 pipeline; Brittle fracture; Crack propagation; XFEM, CFD. , b,c b b, a l itt l l l t . ., . . . l , l t , l i t ent of C ic l E i ring, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K. t t t f i l i logical Engineering, University of She eld, S1 3JD, UK (C , e . , t 2 , , e . . , , r . I , . , . , 2 . . . , , n . . . . onsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. K 2 i li ; ittl t ; ti ; , . Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by El evier B.V. This is an open access le under the C BY-NC-ND lic nse (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-n -nd/4.0/). P view under esponsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 1. Introduction 1. Introduction Transport of CO 2 in dense-phase presents a high potential for auto-refrigeration due to depressurization, either during operations or due to pipeline failure. In general, dynamic brittle fractures are not of concern for modern gas transmission pipelines, as discussed by Andrews et al. (2010). It has recently been suggested by Mahgerefteh et al. (2006) for dense-phase CO 2 that the unusually high Joule-Thomson coe ffi cient of CO 2 may induce low temperatures