PSI - Issue 2_A

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com S ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Struc ural Integrity 2 (2016) 1569–1576 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://cr ativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Analysis of the Distribution of Fracture Toughness Values measured with 1T C(T) Specimens at Loading Rates higher than dK/dt=10 5 MPa √ m s -1 Uwe Mayer* Materials Testing Institute University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany Abstract In a research project investigating the correlation of dynamic crack initiation and crack arrest, funded by the German government, tests at -20 °C on specimens of 22 NiMoCr 3 7 steel (A 508 Cl.2) were performed with different specimen geometries and loading devices in the range of dK/dt=10 5 MPa√m s -1 , Mayer (2012), Böhme et al. (2013), Mayer and Offermanns (2013). New results were obtained in the current follow-up joint IWM-MPA project in a temperature range from -20 °C to +20 °C from test series in this range of loading rates, Mayer (2015). Results from tests with 1T C(T)-specimen tested at MPA Stuttgart at l adi g rates higher than dK/dt=10 5 MPa√m s -1 are a alyzed. This analysis shows the nee of modifications to the standard evaluation method in ASTM E1921 if used for tests at elevated loading rates. The assumed distribution of the fracture toughness values and the form of the master curve has to be adapted and a more precise correlation of the measured reference temperature T 0,X to the loading rate at fracture initiation has to be considered. Suggestions for suitable changes in the annex of ASTM E1921 for the evaluation of elevated loading rate data are presented. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: ASTM E1921, master curve, fracture mechanics, elevated loading rate, compact tension specimen, ductile to brittle transition, dynamic fracture 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Analysis of the Distribution of Fracture Toughness Values measured with 1T C(T) Specimens at Loading Rates higher than dK/dt=10 5 MPa √ m s -1 Uwe Mayer* Materials Testing Institute University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany Abstract In a research project investigating the correlation of dynamic crack initiation and crack arrest, funded by the German governm nt, tests at -20 °C on specimens of 22 NiMoCr 3 7 steel (A 508 Cl.2) were perfo med with ifferent speci e eometri s and lo ding devices in the range of dK/dt=10 5 MPa√m s -1 , Mayer (2012), Böhme et al. (2013), May r and Offermanns (2013). New results were obtained in the current follow-up joint IWM-MPA project in a temperature ange from -20 °C to +20 °C from test seri s in this range of loading rates, Mayer (2015). Results from t s s with 1T C(T)-specimen tested at MPA Stuttgart at loading rates gher than dK/dt=10 5 MPa√m s -1 are analyzed. This analysis shows the n ed of modifications to he sta dard evalu tion m t od in ASTM E 921 if us d for tests at levate lo ding rates. The assumed distr but on of he fracture toughness values and the form of the master c rve has to be adapt d an a more p eci e corr lation of the me sured referen e t mperature T 0,X to the loading rate at fracture initiation has to be considered. Sugg stions for suitable c ang s in the annex of ASTM E1921 for the valuation of elevated loading rate dat are presente . © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: ASTM E1921, master curve, fracture mechanics, elevated loading rate, compact tension specimen, ductile to brittle transition, dynamic fracture

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 1. Introduction

1. Introduction

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Testing of 1T C(T) specimens of 22 NiMoCr 3 7 steel (A 508 Cl.2), taken from a reactor pressure vessel, at loading rates in the range of 10 5 -10 6 MPa√m/s was one of the tasks of a research project funded by the German Testing of 1T C(T) specimens of 22 NiMoCr 3 7 steel (A 508 Cl.2), taken from a reactor pressure vessel, at loading rates in the range of 10 5 -10 6 MPa√m/s was on of the tasks of a res arch project funded by the German

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-711-685-62607; fax: +49-711-685-63901. E-mail address: uwe.mayer@mpa.uni-stuttgart.de 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-711-685-62607; fax: +49-711-685-63901. E-mail address: we.mayer@mpa.uni-stuttgart.de

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.199