PSI - Issue 2_A

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com cienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Struc ural Integrity 2 (2016) 3117–3124 ScienceDire t Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000 ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Effects of inclusion siz and orientation on rolling contact fatigue crack initiation observed by laminography using ultra-bright synchrotron radiation Y. Nakai a, *, D. Shiozawa a , S. Kikuchi a , T. Obama a , H. Saito a , T. Makino b , Y. Neishi b a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan b Research & Development, Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation, 1-8, Fuso, Amagasaki 660-0891, Japan The rolling contact fatigue (RCF) tests were performed on a high-strength steel by a newly developed compact rolling contact fatigue test machine, and the formation and propagation of cracks were observed by the synchrotron radiation computed laminography (SRCL). An increase in the sulfur concentration, i.e. , increase in inclusion length, resulted in an increase in the variation of flaking life, and materials with horizontal inclusion showed large variation compared to those with vertical inclusion although average flaking lives are almost identical. In the flaking process, cracks, those were perpendicular to the rolling surface and rolling dir ction, first formed from an inclusion that was adjacent to the rolling surface. Then, the crack propagated in the depth direction. After the ver ical crack propagat d to a critical dept , a horizontal crack form d, wh s face was parallel to the rolling surface. Finally, the horizontal crack propagated to form flak ing. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: Rolling contact fatigue, laminography, synchrotron radiation, fatigue crack initiation, inclusion 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Effects of inclusion size and orientation on rolling contact fatigue crack initiation observed by laminography usi g ultra-bright synchrotron radiation Y. Nakai a, *, D. Shiozawa a , S. Kikuchi a , T. Obama a , H. Saito a , T. Makino b , Y. Neishi b a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan b Research & Development, Nippon Ste l & Sumitomo Metal Corporation, 1-8, Fuso, Amagasaki 660-0891, Japan Abstract The rolling contact fatigue (RCF) tests were performed on a high-strength steel by a newly developed compact rolling contact fatigu test machine, and the formation and ropagation of cracks were observed by the synchrotron radiati n computed l minography (SRCL). An increase in the sulfu concentration, i.e. , incr ase in inclusion length, resulted in an increase in he variation of flaking life, and mat rials with horizontal inclusion showed large variation c mpared to thos w th verti al inclusion although aver ge flaking lives ar almost identical. In the flaking process, cracks, th se were p rpendicular to th rolling surface nd rolling direction, first formed from an i clusion that was adjacent to the rolling urface. Then, the crack propagated in th depth di ction. After the ve tical crack propagated to c itic l depth, a horizontal crack formed, whose face was llel to rolling surface. Finally, he hor zontal cr ck ropaga ed to form flak ing. © 2016 The Authors. Publi hed by Elsevie B.V. Peer-review under respons bility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: Rolling contact fatigue, laminography, synchrotron radiation, fatigue crack initiation, inclusion Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Abstract

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 1. Introduction

1. Introduction

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. In rolling contact fatigue (RCF), cracks usually initiate from inclusions beneath the surface, and they propagate to form flaking (Murakami, et. al. 1988, Goshima, et. al. 1988). Since nonmetallic inclusions are known to have a In rolling contact fatigue (RCF), cracks usually initiate from inclusions beneath the surface, and they propagate to form flaki (Murak mi, t. al. 1988, Goshima, et. al. 1988). Since onmet llic incl sions re known to h ve a

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-78-803-6128; fax: +81-78-803-6155. E-mail address: nakai@mech.kobe-u.ac.jp * Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-78-803-6128; fax: +81-78-803-6155. E-mail address: nakai@mech.kobe-u.ac.jp

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.389