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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Cybernetic m d l of the shock induced wav evolution in solid A.L. Fradkov a,b , T.A. Khantuleva a,b * a Saint Petersburg State University,7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St.Petersburg, 199034, Russia b Institute of Problems in Mechanical Engineering,61Bolshoy av.V.O., St.Petersburg, 199178, Russia Abstract New concept of high-strain-rate processes in solids is developed using the nonlocal theory of nonequilibrium transport. The interdisciplinary theoretical approach is constructed on the base of n nequilibrium statistical mechanics and cybernetic physics proposes integral mathematical models accounting spatiotemporal correlations which give rise to the system structurization under dynamic external loading. Cybernetic methods are used to describe the system evolution according to the internal control. In the framework of the theory a general integral stress-strain relationship depending on the strain-rate and the external pulse duration describes both the elastic medium reaction to an external loading and a transition to plastic flow. The model shows the difference between the shock loading and continuous one which is growing with the loading strain-rate. Constructed on the integral relationship a model of elastic-plastic shock-induced wave changing its waveform during its propagation along a material, is able to describe all complex of the experimentally observed laws that cannot be explained in scope of the conventional continuous mechanics. © 2016 Fradkov, Khantuleva. Published by Els vier B.V. Peer-revi w under responsibility of the Scientific C mmittee of ECF21. Keywo ds: Non quili rium; shock loading; elast c-plastic transition; wave volution; internal control; speed-gradient algoryth 1. Introduction The linear approach based on the conviction that result of the net effect is a sum of individual effects, and that the response is directly proportional to the effect, was ruling in science for many centuries. Linear mathematical models imply unambiguous determinism as the consequence is uniquely determined by the reason. The processes described 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Cybernetic model of the shock induced wave evolution in solids A.L. Fradkov a,b , T.A. Khantuleva a,b * a Saint Petersburg State University,7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St.Petersburg, 199034, Russia b Institute of Problems in Mechanical Engineering,61Bolshoy v.V.O., St.Pete sburg, 199178, Russia Abstract New concept of high-strain-rate processes in solids is developed using the nonlocal theory of nonequilibrium transport. The interdisciplinary theoretical approach is constructed on base of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and cyb rnet c physics proposes integr l mathematical models accounting spatiotemporal correlations which give rise to th system structurization under dynamic external loading. Cybernetic meth ds are used to des ribe the system evolution according to the i t rnal control. In the framework of the heory a general int gral stress-strain relationship depending o the stra -rate and he external pulse duration describes both the elastic medium reaction t an external loading and a nsition to plastic flow. The model shows the diff rence betwe n the shock loading and continuous one which is growing with he loading strain-rate. Constructed on the integral relationship a model of elastic-plastic shock-induced wave changing its waveform during its propagation alon a material, is able t describe all complex of the experimentally observed laws that cannot be explained in scope f the conventional continuous mechanics. © 2016 Fradkov, Khantuleva. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of t Scientific Committee of ECF21. Keywords: Nonequilibrium; shock loading; elastic-pl stic transition; wave evolution; nternal control; sp ed-gradie t algoryth 1. Introduction The linear approach based on the conviction that result of the net effect is a sum of individual effects, and that the response is directly proportional to the effect, was ruling in science for many centuries. Linear mathematical models im ly unambiguous determ nism as the consequence s uniquely determined by the r ason. The processes describ d Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Tatiana Khantuleva. Tel.:+7-921-893-5976; E-mail address: khan47@mail.ru * Tatiana Khantuleva. Tel.:+7-921-893-5976; E-m il address: khan47@mail.ru

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review und r responsibil ty of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.127