PSI - Issue 2_A

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Struc ural Integrity 2 (2016) 3218–3225 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDir t Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Fatig e crack propagation behavior of old p ddle iron including crack closure effects Grzegorz Lesiuk a *, José A.F.O. Correia b , A.M.P. De Jesus b , Paweł Kucharski a a Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroc ł aw University of Technology and Science,Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-370 Wroc ł aw, Poland b 2INEGI/Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal Abstract In this paper the fatigue crack growth behavior in structural components from the old 19th century structures (e.g. bridges) has been investigated. The delivered material for investigation was extracted from a beam made of puddled iron, commonly used in 19th century. The obtained results from several ancient railway metallic bridges (located in Lower Silesia, Poland) have shown the presence of microstructural degradation processes in puddled iron. In all analyzed materials (low carbon puddled iron) microstructure degradation processes were related to: the presence of numerous precipitations of carbides and nitrides (or the carbides–nitrides) of iron inside the fer ite grai s, the presenc of contin ous precipitations of cementite at ferrite g in boundaries. In ord r to restore the initial state of the microstructure, all tests were c rried out in two stages of heat trea ment; as-received stat an after normalization (950°C, 2h, cooled in air) state. The kinetic fatigue fracture diagrams (KFFD) have been obtained. The problem of crack closure has been involved in fatigue crack growth process during the experiments and its understanding is fundamental for the analysis of stress ratio effects on KFFD. In the paper, a few experimental and numerical techniques for the evaluation of the crack closure/opening forces based on the experimental data have been co pared. The implemented algorithm in the numerical environment gives promising results in description of the kinetics of fatigue crack growth of the old puddled iron with consideration of crack closure effect. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy Fatigue crack propagation behavior of old puddle iron including crack closure effects Grzegorz Lesiuk a *, José A.F.O. Correia b , A.M.P. De Jesus b , Paweł Kucharski a a Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroc ł aw University of Technology and Science,Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-370 Wroc ł aw, Poland b 2INEGI/Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal Abstract In this paper the fatigue crack growth behavior in structural components from the old 19th century structures (e.g. bridges) has been investigat d. The delivered ma erial for investigation was extracted a beam made of p ddled iron, commonly u ed in 19th century. The obtain d r sults from seve al ancient railway metallic bridges (loc ted in Lower Silesia, P land) have shown the presence of micr s ructural degradation p ocesses in puddled iron. In all analyzed materials (low carbon puddled iron) micro t u ure degradation processes were elated to: the pres nce of numerous precipitations of carbides and nitri es (or the carbides–nitrides) of iron i side the ferrit grains, the pres nce of continuo s p ecipitations of cementite at f rrite gra n boundaries. In or er to restore the init al stat of the microstructure, all tests wer carri d out in two st ges of h a treatment; as-receive state a d after normalization (950°C, 2h, cooled in ir) state. Th k netic f tigue fracture diagrams (KFFD) have been obta n . Th problem of crack closure as be n involved in fatigu crac growth process d ring the exp riments and its understa ding is funda ental for the analysis of stress ratio effects on KFFD. In the pa er, a few experimental and umerical techniques for the evaluation of the crack closure/opening forces based on the experim nt l data have been comp red. The implemented algorith in the numerical environment gives promising results in description of the kinetics of fatigue crack growth of th old puddled iro with consideration of crack closure effect. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Els vier B.V. Peer-review under espons bility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by El evier B.V. This is an open access le under the CC BY-NC-ND lic nse (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-n -nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21.

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: fatigue crack growth, puddle steel, crack closure effect, compliance method Keywords: fatigue crack growth, puddle steel, crack closure effect, compliance method

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review und r responsibil ty of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +48 71 320 39 19; fax: +48 71 321 12 35. E-mail address: grzegorz.lesiuk@pwr.edu.pl * Corresponding author. Tel.: +48 71 320 39 19; fax: +48 71 321 12 35. E-mail ad ress: grzegorz. esiuk@pwr.edu.pl

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.401