PSI - Issue 14

Angitha Vijayan et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 14 (2019) 696–704 Angitha Vijayan et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

704

9

damping and response of the system get affected. The crowd parameters such as size, location and activity have a considerable effect on the behavior of the system. Furthermore, the trend of variation of structural behavior with variation in crowd properties changes with change in the empty structure properties. This study shows that studies on crowd dynamics hold a great importance in the dynamic analysis of long slender structures. There is a need for the consideration of crowd loads on such structures in the design procedure. Indian standard codes may be modified to include guidelines for the same. Acknowledgements The authors would like to extend their gratitude to Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences for providing all the facilities for conducting the research work. References Dougill, J.W.J. and Parkhouse, J.H.R., 2006. Human Structure Interaction during Rhythmic Bobbing. Structural Engineer. 84(22), 32-39. Ellis, B.R., Littler, J. D., 2004. Ellis, B.R. and Littler, J.D., 2004. Response of Cantilever Grandstands to Crowd Loads. Part 1: Serviceability Evaluation. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings, 157(4), 235-241. Jones, C.A., Pavic, A., Reynolds, P. and Harrison, R.E., 2011. Verification of Equivalent Mass – Spring – Damper Models for Crowd – Structure Vibration Response Prediction. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 38(10), 1122-1135. Racic, V., Pavic, A. and Brownjohn, J.M.W., 2009. Experimental Identification and Analytical Modelling of Human Walking Forces: Literature Review. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 326(1-2), 1-49. Sachse, R., Pavic, A. and Reynolds, P., 2003. Human-Structure Dynamic Interaction in Civil Engineering Dynamics: A literature Review. Shock and Vibration Digest, 35(1), 3-18. Shahabpoor, E., Pavic, A., Racic, V. and Zivanovic, S., 2017. Effect of Group Walking Traffic on Dynamic Properties of Pedestrian Structures. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 387, 207-225. Vasilatoua, V., Harrisona, R. and Nikitasb, N., 2017. Development of a Human-Structure Dynamic Interaction Model for Human Sway for Use in Permanent Grandstand Design. Procedia Engineering, 199, 2895-2900. Zhang, L., Xu, D., Makhsous, M., Lin, F., 2000. Stiffness and Viscous Damping of the Human Leg. Proc. of the 24th Ann. Meeting of the Am. Soc. of Biomech., Chicago, IL. Bachmann, H., Pretlove, A.J, Rainer, H., 1995. Dynamic Forces from Rhythmical Human Body Motions. Vibration Problems in Structures, Practical guidelines.