PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available o line at www.sciencedire t.com Sci ceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 13 (2018) 8 6–812 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect StructuralIntegrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect StructuralI tegrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Pe r-r view und r responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Effect of Welding Parameter on Dynamic Fracture Properties of 2024-T3 Aluminum Friction Stir Welded Joints Yanning Guo, Yue Ma*, Fei Wang School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China Abstract Friction stir welding is widely used in the aerospace structure. It is important to study mechanical response of aluminum welded joints under dynamic loading. This paper aims to investigate the effect of welding parameter on rate-dependent dynamic tensile properties of 2024 aluminum welded joints. Samples in different weld zones were designed and dynamic tests with different strain rates were performed. It is observed that as the non-uniform heat and plastic flow during welding, yield strength of the heat-affected zone (513MPa) is much higher than the stirred zone (370MPa) and the thermo-mechanically zone (336MPa). Under the rotation speed of 400rmp, the heat affected zone and the stirred zone show much better tensile ductility, which is 25% higher than that of samples welded with the 600rmp rotation speed. The strain rate strengthening effect is obviously obtained. Furthermore, 2024 aluminum has been considered to have low strain rate sensitivity. The fracture morphology of specimens shows that as the function of rotating tool, equiaxed and fine grains help to enhance the strength. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: friction stir welding; welding parameter; dynamic tensile; strain rate; fracture morphology 1. Introduction Friction stir welding (FSW) is a typical solid-state joining technology that was invented by The Welding Institute (TWI) (1991). Since FSW is a solid state process, it can be used to join all common aluminium alloys, including the 2xxx series which i a challenge to weld by fusion processes (2009). Rotational speed has been identified as one of the most significant pr cess variabl : high speeds ay raise the friction heat, so it influences crystallization process (2007, 2017). Because of the non-uniform heat and plastic flow during welding, the FSW joints show local microstructural changes, and resulting in a local variation in the mechanical properties across the weld (2013, 2015). ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Effect of Welding Parameter on Dynamic Fracture Properties of 2024-T3 Aluminum Friction Stir Welded Joints Yanning Guo, Yue Ma*, Fei Wang School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China Abstract Friction stir welding is widely used in the aerospace structure. It is important to study mechanical response of aluminum welded join s unde dynamic loading. This paper ims to investigate the effect of welding parameter on rate-dep ndent dynamic tensile properties of 2024 aluminum welded joints. Samples in different weld zones were designed and dyn mic tests with different strain rates were performed. It is observed that as the non-uniform h at and plastic flow during welding, ield strength of the h at-affected zone (513MPa) is much higher than the tirr d zone (370MP ) the thermo-mechanically zone (336MPa). Und r the rotation spe d of 400rmp, the heat aff cted zon and the stirred zone show much b tter tensile ductility, which is 25% high an th t f amples welded with the 600rmp rotation spe d. The strain rate strength ning ffect is obviously obtained. Furthermore, 2024 aluminum has been considered to have l w train rate sensit vity. The fracture morphology f specimens shows that as the function of rotating tool, quiaxed and fine grains help to enhanc the strengt . © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: friction stir welding; welding parameter; dynamic tensile; strain rate; fracture morphology 1. Introduction Friction stir welding (FSW) is a typical solid-state joining technology tha was invented by The Welding Instit te (TWI) (1991). Since FSW is a solid state process, it can be us d to join all common aluminium alloys, including the 2xxx series which is a challenge to weld by fusion processes (2009). Rotational speed has been identified as one of the most significant process variable: high speeds may raise the friction heat, so it influences crystallization process (2007, 2017). Because of the non-uniform heat and plastic flow during welding, the FSW joints show local microstructural changes, and resulting in a local variation in the mechanical properties across the weld (2013, 2015). © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. E-mail address: ma.yu.e@nwpu.edu.cn * Corresponding author. E-mail ad ress: ma.yu.e@nwpu.edu.cn

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216© 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216© 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.155