PSI - Issue 13

Muhammad Zakir Sheikh et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 13 (2018) 2120–2125 Muhammad Zakir Sheikh et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

2125

6

5. Conclusions In this paper, an attempt is made to numerically estimate the edge-on-impact tests on glass and glass laminates to visualize the propagation of stress waves and effect of PU interlayer in mitigating the stress intensity and delay in wavefront arrival time to a particular location. First, the simulation results for location and time of arrival of longitudinal and transversal wavefront were compared with experiments. The formation of damage zone is also compared with experimental data, it was found that numerical tools can be efficiently used to simulate the ballistic impact problems. Secondly, the PU bonding layer thickness of 3 mm can create the delay of 2 µs in stress wave arrival time and damage transfer to a second and third layer of a transparent armor system or windshield configuration. Additionally, the plus-shaped bonding layer configuration bifurcated the incoming continuous wavefront and hence lowers the intensity of the stress wave and can significantly reduce the damage in subsequent layers. The results found in current work will be useful in designing of transparent armor and windshield for aircraft and military applications, respectively. Acknowledgments The authors are thankful for the financial support from the National Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 11772268, 11522220, and 11527803). References [1] J. J. Swab, J. C. Lasalvia, G. A. Gilde, P. J. Patel, and M. J. Motyka, "Transparent armor ceramics: AlON and spinel," in 23rd Annual Conf. on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures: B: Ceramic Eng. & Science Proceedings , 1999, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 79-84. [2] S. A. Kile, "Transparent oriented polyolefin laminated armor structure," ed: Google Patents, 1978. [3] L. M. Goldman, R. Twedt, and S. Balasubramanian, "ALON optical ceramic transparencies for window, dome, and transparent armor applications," Proc Spie, vol. 8016, no. 4, pp. 77-77, 2011. [4] M. Grujicic, W. Bell, and B. Pandurangan, "Design and material selection guidelines and strategies for transparent armor systems," Materials & Design, vol. 34, pp. 808-819, 2012. [5] J. A. Salem, "Transparent armor ceramics as spacecraft windows," Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 281 289, 2013. [6] I. Mohagheghian et al. , "Quasi-static bending and low velocity impact performance of monolithic and laminated glass windows employing chemically strengthened glass," European Journal of Mechanics-A/Solids, vol. 63, pp. 165-186, 2017. [7] G.-I. Shim et al. , "Experimental and numerical evaluation of transparent bulletproof material for enhanced impact-energy absorption using strengthened-glass/polymer composite," Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 97, pp. 150-161, 2016. [8] E. Strassburger, P. Patel, J. W. Mccauley, and D. W. Templeton, "WAVE PROPAGATION AND IMPACT DAMAGE IN TRANSPARENT LAMINATES," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 3763–3768, 2007. [9] T. J. Holmquist, G. R. Johnson, C. Lopatin, D. Grady, and E. Hertel Jr, "High strain rate properties and constitutive modeling of glass," Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)1995. [10] M. Grujicic et al. , "An Improved Mechanical Material Model for Ballistic Soda-Lime Glass," Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance, vol. 18, no. 8, p. 1012, 2009. [11] M. Grujicic et al. , "A ballistic material model for starphire ®; , a soda-lime transparent-armor glass," Materials Science & Engineering A, vol. 491, no. 1, pp. 397-411, 2008.