PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structural Integrity 13 (2018) 212 –2125 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 rganizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Effect of Polymeric Interlayer on Wave Propagation in Transparent Soda-lime Glass Muhammad Zakir Sheikh a , Zhen Wang a , Tao Suo a, *, Yulong Li a , Sohail Ahmed a , Uzair Ahmed Dar a a School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China. Abstract The transparent armor and aircraft windshields are comprising of glass or transparent ceramic laminates joined with the polymeric interlayer. The interlayer thi kness plays a vital role in improving the damage, impact, and wave prop gation response f transparent laminates. The edge-on-impact simulations on monolithic ballistic soda-lime glass are performed first to investigate and verify the wave propagation using ANSYS/Autodyn. Secondly, to lessen the wave speed and damage area in the glass, the different thicknesses of PU interlayer were incorporated in the numerical model and analyzed. The delay time in wave arrival time as a function of interlayer thickness was estimated. Additionally, the influence of PU interlayer orientations and a number of layers (single & double) on longitudinal wave propagation and damage are also studied numerically and discussed. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Transparent armor; Wave propagation; Edge-on-impact; PU interlayer; Damage; 1. Introduction Transparent material like glass and glass-ceramics [1-5] are extensively used in civil (front windscreen of vehicles, high-speed trains, goggles), aerospace (visor, aircraft windshields and canopies) and military applications (military vehicle front and side windows to resist bullet and blast impact). An efficient windshield or transparent armor system generally consists of several layers of glass (soda-lime, borosilicate or float), polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate bonded with polymeric interlayer like polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) or ionoplast SentryGlas ® Plus (SGP). The advancement in the strengthening of glass by chemical process and development of new transparent materials such as Spinel, Sapphire, ALON, and Al 2 O 3 made it possible ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Effect of Polymeric Interlayer on Wave Propagation in Transparent Soda-lime Glass Muhammad Zakir Sheikh a , Zhen Wang a , Tao Suo a, *, Yulong Li a , Sohail Ahmed a , Uzair Ahmed Dar a a School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China. Abstract The transparent mor and aircr ft windshi lds are comprising f glass r transparent ceramic laminates joined with the polymeric int rlayer. The interlayer thi kness plays a vital role in impr ving the dam ge, impact, and wave propagation response of transparent laminates. The edge-on-impact simulations o monolithic ballistic soda-lime glass are performed first to investigate and verify the wave propagation using ANSYS/Aut dyn. Secondly, to les en the wave speed and damage area in the gla s, th differ nt thicknesses of PU interlayer were incorporated in th numerical model and analyzed. The el y time in wave arrival tim as a fu ction of int rlayer thickness was estimated. Additionally, th influence of PU i terlayer orientations and a number of layers (single & double) on longitudinal wave propagation and damage are also studied numerically and discussed. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Transparent arm r; Wave propagation; Edge-on-impact; PU interlayer; Damage; 1. Introduction Transparent material like glass and glass-ceramics [1-5] are extensively used in civil (front windscreen of vehicles, high-speed trains, goggles), aerospace (visor, aircraft windshields and canopies) and military applications (military vehicle front and side windows to resist bullet and blast impact). An efficient windshield or transparent armor system generally consists of several layers of glass (soda-li e, borosilicate or float), polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate bonded with polymeric interlayer like polyurethane (PU), p lyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) or ionoplast SentryGlas ® Plus (SGP). The advancement in the strengthening of glass by chemical process and development of new transparent materials such as Spinel, Sapphire, ALON, and Al 2 O 3 made it possible © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 o ganizers. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +86-29-88494381; fax: +86-29-88491544. E-mail address: suotao@nwpu.edu.cn * Corresponding author. Tel.: +86-29-88494381; fax: +86-29-88491544. E-mail ad ress: suotao@nwpu.edu.cn

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.198