PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 13 (2018) 578–583 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Int grity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review u der r sponsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 − Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Crack initiation of selected geopolymer mortars with hemp fibers Hana Simonova a, *, Barbara Kucharczykova a , Libor Topolar a , Zbynek Kersner a , Ildiko Merta b , J len Dragas c , Ivan Ig jat vic c , Miroslav Komlj novic d , Violet Nik lic d a Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Veveri 331/95, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic b Technische Universität Wien, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Adolf-Blamauer-Gasse 1-3, 1030 Vienna, Austria c University of Belgrade, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 73, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia d University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia Abstract The aim of this paper is to quantify p rticularly fracture properties of selected typ s of mortars prepared with an alkali activated binder and hemp fibers. The main attention is focused on evaluation of three-point bending fracture tests of prismatic specimens with an initial central edge notch made of alkali activated fly ash mortars. The load versus crack mouth opening displacement ( F – CMOD ) diagrams were recorded during the fracture tests and subsequently evaluated using the Double- K fracture model. This model allows the quantification of two different levels of crack propagation: initiation, which corresponds to the beginning of stable crack growth, and the level of unstable crack propagation. The course of fracture tests was also monitored by acoustic emission method. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Geopolymer, hemp fibre, fracture test, acoustic emission, crack initiation, Double- K model. 1. Introduction The manufacturing of cement is highly energy intensive because of the extreme heat required to produce it, resulting in high pollution, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and consequently in global warming and climate change. Producing a ton of cement generates nearly a ton of CO 2 and alarmingly the cement industry alone emits around 7 – 10% of the total CO 2 on Earth (Aïtcin and Mindess (2011), Scrivener et al. (2016)). Since the cement production is permanently growing by 2.5% annually, these numbers will become even worse. For that reason, there is the increased effort to ECF22 − Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Crack initiation of selected geopolymer mortars with hemp fibers Hana Simonova a, *, Barbara Kucharczykova a , Libor Topolar a , Zbynek Kersner a , Ildiko Merta b , Jelena Dragas c , Ivan Ignjatovic c , Miroslav Komljenovic d , Violeta Nikolic d a Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Veveri 331/95, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic b Technische Un versität Wien, Faculty of Civil Engi eering, Adolf-Blamauer-Gasse 1-3, 1030 Vienna, Austria c Univer ity of Belgrade, Faculty of Civil Eng neering, Bulevar kralja Aleksandr 73, 1100 Belgrade Serbia d University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia Abstract The aim of this paper is to quantify particularly fracture properties f selected types of mortars prepared with an alkali activated binder and he p fibers. The main attention is focused on evaluati n of three-point bending fractu e tests of prismatic specimens with an initial central edge notch made of alkali activated fly ash mortars. The load versus crack mouth opening displacement ( F – CMOD ) diagrams were recorded during the fracture tests and subsequently evalu ted using the D ble- K fracture model. This model allows the quantification of two different levels of crack propagation: initiation, which corresponds to the beginning of stable crack growth, and the level of u stable crack propagation. The course of fracture tests was also monitore by acoustic emissi n method. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Geopolymer, hemp fibre, fracture test, acoustic emission, crack initiation, Double- K model. 1. In roduction The manufacturing of cement is highly energy intensive because of the extreme heat required to produce it, resulting in high pollution, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and consequently in global warming and climate change. Producing a ton of cement generates nearly a ton of CO 2 and alarmingly the cement industry alone emits around 7 – 10% of the total CO 2 on Earth (Aïtcin and Mindess (2011), Scrivener et al. (2016)). Since the cement production is permanently growing by 2.5% annually, these umbers will become even worse. For that reason, there is the increased effort to © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +420 541 147 381. E-mail address: simonova.h@vutbr.cz * Corresponding author. Tel.: +420 541 147 381. E-mail ad ress: sim nova h@vutbr.cz

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 o ganizers.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.095