PSI - Issue 13

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental e ff ects on Structural Integrity A Mixed-Mode Controlled DCB test on adhesive joints loaded in a combination of modes I and III Lukas Loh ∗ , Stephan Marzi Institute of Mechanics and Material-Research, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany Abstract This work presents a novel test setup to determine the fracture behavior of adhesive joints subjected to mixed-mode I + III loading. Common mixed-mode tests are mainly focus on a c mbination of modes I an II and are limited to approaches derived from linear-elastic fracture mechanics with respect to the test evaluation. The novelty of the here proposed test is based on the principle of superposition of odes I and III, which holds in case of non-linear elastic fracture mechanics as well. The definition of mode mixity in terms of contributions to J-integral from single modes allows controlling of mode-mix ratio during experiments. The mode-mixity can be prescribed arbitrarily and the test evaluation is possible also in case of crack propagation. As an outlook, that test setup could be used to study the dependency of fracture behavior on the load history. The experimental work deals with an elastic-plastic epoxy adhesive, SikaPower R -498. The adhesives is investigated under several constant and variable mode-mix ratios. c 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Epoxides ;Plastics; Fracture mechanics; Mechanical properties of adhesive; Mixed-mode I + III; Fracture envelope In classical fracture mechanics, the manner of crack opening can be described by three di ff erent opening modes: Mode I (peel), mode II (in-plane shear) and mode III (out-of-plane shear). A number of test conditions has been developed for investigating the fracture behavior on adhesively bonded joints by combining these di ff erent fracture modes. A well-established and standardized test on fiber reinforced composites is the Mixed-Mode-Bending (MMB) test (viz. ASTM D6671, (2006)), where a mode-mixity of mode I and II is achieved. As an example, Stamoulis et al. (2014) used this test for investigating the fracture behavior of an elastic-plastic adhesive under mode-mixity I + II. In contrast, the test to be presented in the following is a combination of the standardized Double-Cantilever-Beam (DCB) test (ASTM D3433-99 (2012); BS 7991:2001 (2009); ISO 25217 (2009)) and the recently published out-of plane loaded DCB (ODCB) test (viz. Loh and Marzi, (2018)), to achieve a superimposition in between fracture modes ECF22 - Loading and Environmental e ff ects on Structural Integrity A ixed- ode Controlled DCB test on adhesive joints loaded in a co bination of odes I and III Lukas Loh ∗ , Stephan Marzi Institute f Mechanics and Material-Research, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany Abstract This work presents a novel test setup to determine the fractu e behavior of adhesive joints subjected to mixed-mode I + III loading. Common mixed-mode tests are mainly focusing on a combination of modes I and II and are limited to approaches derived from linear-elastic fracture mechanics with respect to the test evaluation. The novelty of the here proposed test is based on the principle of superposition of modes I and III, which holds in case of non-linear elastic fracture mechanics as well. The definition of mode mixity in terms of contributions to J-integral from single modes allows controlling of mode-mix ratio during experiments. The mode-mixity can be prescribed arbitrarily and the test evaluation is possible also in case of crack propagation. As an outlook, that test setup could be used to study the dependency of fracture behavior on the load history. The experimental work deals with an elastic-plastic epoxy adhesive, SikaPower R -498. The adhesives is investigated under several constant and variable mode-mix ratios. c 2018 The Aut ors. Published by Elsevier B.V. r-review unde responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Epoxides ;Plastics; Fracture mechanics; M anical properties of adhesive; Mixed-mode I + III; Fracture envelope 1. Introduction In classical fracture mechanics, the manner of crack opening can be described by three di ff erent opening modes: Mode I (peel), mode II (in-plane shear) and mode III (out-of-plane shear). A number of test conditions has been dev loped for investigating the fracture behavior on adhesively bonded joints by combining these di ff erent fracture modes. A well-established and standardized test on fiber reinforced composites is the Mixed-Mode-Bending (MMB) test (viz. ASTM D6671, (2006)), where a mode-mixity of mode I and II is achieved. As an example, Stamoulis et al. (2014) used this test for investigating the fracture behavior of an elastic-plastic adhesive under mode-mixity I + II. In contrast, the test to be presented in the following is a combination of the standardized Double-Cantilever-Beam (DCB) test (ASTM D3433-99 (2012); BS 7991:2001 (2009); ISO 25217 (2009)) and the recently published out-of plane loaded DCB (ODCB) test (viz. Loh and Marzi, (2018)), to achieve a superimposition in between fracture modes © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. 1. Introduction

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: + 49-641-2164 ; fax: + 49-641-2905. E-mail address: lukas.loh@me.thm.de ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: + 49-641-2164 ; fax: + 49-641-2905. E-mail address: lukas.loh@me.thm.de

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2210-7843 c 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2210-7843 c 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.277