PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structural Integrity 13 (2018) 2164–2169 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevie B.V. Pe r-r v ew und r responsibility of the ECF22 organiz r . ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Cause analysis of the train draw hook fatigue failure Ulewicz R. a , Nový F. b , Novák P. c , Palček P. b a Politechnika Czestochowska, Department of Production Engineering, Czestochowa, Poland b University of Zilina, Department of Materials Engineering, Zilina, Slovakia c University of Zilina, Department of Applied Mechanics, Zilina, Slovakia Abstract The driving dynamics and braking effects in the railroad transport are constantly increasing, so it is necessary to take into account the fatigue resistance of the draw hooks. This article deals with the cause of the fatigue fracture of the coach draw hook. The broken draw hook had a pre-existing fatigue crack in the most critical part. In this case, the several factors contribute to the fatigue fracture of draw hook. The simulations performed using the FEM model has shown that the fatigue fracture occurred mainly due to non compliance with the prescribed transition radius. The inadequate transient radius caused a high local stress concentration resulting in a premature initiation of the fatigue cracks. In addition, the results of other analyses, i.e., chemical analysis, mechanical tests, metallographic and fractography analysis, have shown that the fatigue fracture was significantly accelerated by the additional bending loading and the low impact toughness of the steel from which the hook was made. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Type your keywords here, separated by semicolons ; 1. Introduction Railroad transportation is one of the very rapidly developing sectors. High economics and the safety of operation are the main features of the railway transport. To manage the increasing amount of transported goods and the passengers using the actual infrastr cture, the trains have to travel faster and with higher loads, Sirong (2018). These factors strongly affect the drivi g dynamics and braking effect in the railway transport what is reflected in the increased loading in the construction elements, especially in the parts responsible for the transmission of the tractive effort between locomotives and cars. The increased loading in the most exposed parts can lead to the operation failures, which can be very costly, as they cause a delay in the traffic. In the case of the passenger trains, the operation failure can lead to the injuries and even loss of life, Petrenko (2016). Here, the operational failure of the train draw hook is analyzed. The failure occurred on the passenger car of the fast train, operated on the main railroad in Slovakia. Visual inspection revealed the fatigue character of the draw hook failure. To determine the causes of the examined failure, the detailed analysis has been elaborated taking into account material characteristics, the manufacturing technology and the operating conditions. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Cause analysis of the train draw hook fatigue failure Ulewicz R. a , Nový F. b , Novák P. c , Palček P. b a Politechnika Czestochowska, Department of Production Engineering, Czestochowa, Poland b University f Zilina, Department of Materials Engineering, Zilina, Slovaki c University of Zilina, Department of Applied Mechanics, Zilina, Slovakia Abstract The driving dynamics and braking effects in the railroad transport are constantly increasing, so it is necessary to take into account the fatigue resist nce of the draw hooks. This article de ls with the cause of he fat gue fracture of the coach draw hook. The br ken draw hook had a pre-existing fatigue crack n the most critical part. In this cas , the several fact rs contribute to the fatigue fracture of draw hook. The simulations performed using the FEM model has s own that the fatigue fracture occ rred mainly d e to non compliance with the prescr bed transition rad us. The inadequate tr nsient radius caused a high local stress concentration resulti g in a remature initiation of the fatigue cracks. In addition, the results of other analyses, i.e., chemical analysis, mechanical tests, metallogr phic and fract graphy analysis, have shown that the fatigue fracture wa ignifi antly ccelerated by t e additional bending load ng and the l w impact toughness of t e steel from which the hook was made. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Type your keywords here, separated by semicolons ; 1. Introduction Railroad transportation is one of the very rapidly developing sectors. High economics and the safety of operation are the main features of the railway transport. To manage the increasing amount of transported goods and the passengers using the actual infrastructure, the trains have to travel faster and with higher loads, Sirong (2018). These factors strongly affect the driving dynamics and braking effect in the railway transport what is reflected in the increased loading in the construction elements, especially in the parts responsible for the transmission of the tractive effort between locomotives and cars. The increased loading in the most exposed parts can lead to the operation failures, which can be very costly, as they cause a delay in the traffic. In the case of the passenger trains, the operation failure can lead to the injuries and even loss of life, Petrenko (2016). Here, the operational failure of the train draw hook is analyzed. The failure occurred on the passenger car of the fast train, operated on the main railroad in Slovakia. Visual inspection revealed the fatigue character of the draw hook failure. To determine the causes of the examined failure, the detailed analysis has been elaborated taking into account material characteristics, the manufacturing technology and the operating conditions. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 organizers.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.147